Movement

• What two systems combine to form the musculo-skeletal system?

  The muscular system and skeletal system
• Why is it important to know the main skeletal bones and muscles of the body?

  It is important for understanding how movement takes place
• What are the basic movements or actions in the musculo-skeletal system?

  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Hyperextension
  • Adduction
  • Abduction
  • Plantar flexion
  • Dorsiflexion
  • Horizontal abduction
  • Horizontal adduction
• What does the sagittal plane divide the body into?

  The right and left halves
• What movements occur at the shoulder and hip in the sagittal plane?

  Flexion, extension, and hyperextension
• What movements occur at the elbow and knee joints?

  Flexion and extension
• What is the function of the transverse axis?

  It runs from side to side across the body
• What does the frontal plane divide the body into?


  The front and back
• What movements occur at the shoulder and hip in the frontal plane?

  Adduction and abduction
• What does the transverse plane divide the body into?

  The upper and lower halves
• What movements occur at the shoulder and hip in the transverse plane?

  Horizontal abduction and adduction
• What are the three types of joints?


  Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
• What are articulating bones?

  They are the bones that meet and move at the joint
• What are agonists and antagonists in muscle movement?

  Agonists are the muscles responsible for the movement, while antagonists work in opposition
• What are the types of muscle contraction?

  Isotonic, concentric, eccentric, and isometric
• What is isotonic muscle contraction?

  It occurs when a muscle contracts to create movement
• What is concentric muscle contraction?

  It occurs when a muscle shortens under tension
• What is eccentric muscle contraction?


  It occurs when a muscle lengthens under tension
• What is isometric muscle contraction?

  It occurs when a muscle is under tension but there is no visible movement
• What are the key terms related to joint movements?

  • Flexion: Decreasing the angle between the bones of a joint
  • Extension: Increasing the angle between the bones at a joint
  • Hyperextension: Increasing the angle beyond 180 degrees between the bones of a joint
  • Adduction: Movement of a limb towards the midline of the body
  • Abduction: Movement of a limb away from the midline of the body
• What are the key terms related to muscle actions?

  • Agonist: The muscle responsible for the movement occurring
  • Antagonist: The muscle that works in opposition to the agonist to help produce coordinated movement