P5 forces- paper 2

• What is a force defined as?

  A force is a push or a pull on an object.
• Why is it important to consider both size and direction when discussing forces?


  Because forces are vector quantities that have both magnitude and direction.
• What are vector quantities?

  • Quantities that have both magnitude and direction
  • Examples: force, velocity, displacement, acceleration, momentum
• What are scalar quantities?

  • Quantities that have only magnitude
  • Examples: speed, distance, mass, temperature, time
• How are vectors typically represented?

  Vectors are represented by arrows, where the length indicates magnitude and the direction indicates direction.
• What is the difference between speed and velocity?

  Speed is a scalar quantity, while velocity is a vector quantity.
• What are contact forces?

  Contact forces are forces that require two objects to be touching.
• What are non-contact forces?

  Non-contact forces are forces that do not require objects to be touching.
• What is an interaction pair in terms of forces?

  An interaction pair consists of two equal and opposite forces acting on two interacting objects.
• How does Newton's Third Law relate to forces?

  Newton's Third Law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
• What is gravitational force?


  Gravitational force is the force of attraction between masses.
• How does gravitational force affect objects on a planet's surface?


  It causes all objects to fall towards the ground and gives them weight.
• What is the difference between mass and weight?

  Mass is the amount of matter in an object, while weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity.
• How is weight calculated?

  Weight is calculated using the formula: Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg).
• What is the weight of a 5 kg mass on Earth where g = 9.8 N/kg?

  Weight = 5 kg x 9.8 N/kg = 49 N.
• What is the weight of a 5 kg mass on the Moon where g = 1.6 N/kg?

  Weight = 5 kg x 1.6 N/kg = 8 N.
• What factors affect the strength of the gravitational field?


  • Proximity to the mass causing the field
  • Size of the mass causing the field
• What is a free body diagram?

  A free body diagram shows all the forces acting on an object.
• What is a resultant force?

  A resultant force is the overall force acting on a point or object.
• What happens when a resultant force moves an object?

  Work is done when a force moves an object through a distance.
• How is work calculated?

  Work is calculated using the formula: Work (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m).
• If a force of 20 N pushes an object 0.2 m, what is the work done on the object?

  Work = 20 N x 0.2 m = 4 J.
• What is equilibrium in terms of forces?

  • An object is in equilibrium if the forces acting on it are balanced.
  • The resultant force is zero.
• How can forces be split into components?

  Forces can be split into two components at right angles to each other, usually horizontal and vertical.
• What happens when an object is elastically deformed?

  An object that is elastically deformed returns to its original shape after the force is removed.
• What happens when an object is inelastically deformed?


  An object that is inelastically deformed does not return to its original shape after the force is removed.
• What is the relationship between force and extension in a spring?

  • Extension is directly proportional to the force applied to a spring.
  • This relationship holds true as long as the spring is not stretched beyond its elastic limit.
• What is the natural length of a spring?

  The natural length of a spring is its length when no forces are acting on it.
• What is elastic potential energy?

  Elastic potential energy is the energy stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed.
• How does energy transfer occur when a force is applied to an object?

  Energy is transferred to the object when a force stretches, compresses, or bends it.
• What are the types of deformation an object can undergo?

  • Elastic deformation: returns to original shape
  • Inelastic deformation: does not return to original shape
• What happens when you apply a force to an object?

  It causes the object to stretch, compress, or bend.
• What is required for an object to change shape when a force is applied?

  You need to apply more than one force on the object.
• What is an object called if it can return to its original shape after the force is removed?

  It is called elastically deformed.
• What happens to an object that has been inelastically deformed?


  It does not return to its original shape after the force is removed.
• What is the work done when a force stretches or compresses an object?

  It causes energy to be transferred to the object's elastic potential energy store.
• What is the equation that relates force and extension in a spring?

  force = spring constant x extension
• What does the spring constant depend on?

  It depends on the material that you are stretching.
• What happens when the force applied to an object exceeds the limit of proportionality?


  The extension is no longer proportional to the force applied.
• What is the limit of proportionality in a force-extension graph?


  It is the maximum force above which extension is no longer proportional to force.