Acids, bases and salts

• What are the three terms you should be able to describe by the end of the video?

  Acid, base, and alkali
• How does the pH scale provide information on acids and alkalis?

  The pH scale indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
• What happens during a neutralization reaction between acids and alkalis?

  Acids and alkalis react to produce a salt and water
• What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

  HCl
• What does the notation "aq" signify when writing the formula of an acid?

  Aqueous solution, meaning dissolved in water
• Name two other common acids besides hydrochloric acid.

  Sulfuric acid and nitric acid
• What do acids produce in aqueous solutions?

  Hydrogen ions
• What ions are produced when nitric acid dissociates in aqueous solution?

  Hydrogen ions and nitrate ions
• What are bases and what do they do?

  Bases are chemicals that can neutralize acids, producing a salt and water
• What are the typical forms of bases?

  Metal oxides or metal hydroxides
• What distinguishes alkalis from bases?

  Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water
• Which of the following is an example of an alkali?

  Sodium hydroxide
• What do alkalis produce in aqueous solutions?


  Hydroxide ions
• How does the pH scale categorize solutions?

  Acids have a pH between 0 and 6, neutral solutions have a pH of 7, and alkalis have a pH between 8 and 14
• How can the pH of a solution be determined?

  Using a pH probe or universal indicator
• What color does a universal indicator show for a neutral solution?

  Green
• What color indicates a very acidic solution using a universal indicator?

  Red
• What color indicates a very alkaline solution using a universal indicator?

  Purple
• What occurs when hydrogen ions react with hydroxide ions during neutralization?

  They produce water
• What are the key points about acids, bases, and alkalis?

  • Acids produce hydrogen ions (H⁺) in aqueous solutions.
  • Bases neutralize acids to produce salt and water.
  • Alkalis are soluble bases that produce hydroxide ions (OH^-) in aqueous solutions.
  • The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, indicating acidity (0-6), neutrality (7), and alkalinity (8-14).
• What are the differences between acids, bases, and alkalis?

  • Acids: Produce H⁺ ions, pH 0-6.
  • Bases: Neutralize acids, typically metal oxides or hydroxides.
  • Alkalis: Soluble bases, produce OH^- ions, pH 8-14.