Metals and their extractions

• What does oxidation refer to?

  Oxidation refers to the process of gaining oxygen
• What happens when magnesium is combined with oxygen?

  Magnesium is oxidized to form magnesium oxide
• What is reduction in terms of oxygen?

  Reduction is the loss of oxygen
• What occurs when magnesium oxide is broken down?

  Magnesium is reduced back to magnesium and oxygen
• Why do most metals oxidize when exposed to oxygen?

  Because they are fairly reactive
• What is iron oxide more commonly known as?

  Rust
• Why do unreactive metals like gold often exist as pure metals?

  Because they are too unreactive to react with oxygen
• What is the most common bonding element for metals?

  Oxygen
• What does reduction aim to achieve in the context of metal oxides?

  To remove oxygen and obtain pure metals
• How can metal oxides be reduced to obtain pure metals?

  By reacting them with carbon
• What does carbon do in the reduction process of metal oxides?

  Carbon takes the oxygen from the metal to form carbon dioxide
• What is the reaction of copper oxide with carbon?

  Copper oxide plus carbon reacts to form copper plus carbon dioxide
• Why can't all metals be reduced using carbon?

  Only metals that are less reactive than carbon can be reduced this way
• What is the process called for extracting more reactive metals?

  Electrolysis
• What is a characteristic of electrolysis?

  It requires a lot of energy and is expensive
• What are iron ores?


  Metal-rich compounds from which metals can be extracted
• What is the most common iron ore mentioned?

  Fe₂O₃ (iron oxide)
• How do we isolate pure iron from iron oxide?

  By reducing Fe₂O₃ with carbon
• What is the balanced equation for the reduction of Fe₂O₃ with carbon?


  Fe₂O₃ + C → Fe + CO₂
• What is required to facilitate the reduction of iron oxide with carbon?

  Heat
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