characteristics of depression

• depression is classified as a mood disorder. the DSM-5 distinguishes between major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder, which is long term and/or reoccurring.
• Behavioural;

  • changes in sleeping and eating patterns; some people would sleep more (hypersomnia) whilst others individuals will sleep less (insomnia). Appetite was increased or decreased, leading to weight gain or loss.
  • shift in activity levels; individuals may see a reduction or increase in their activities, many individuals experience reduced energy levels, a sense of tiredness and a need to sleep all of the time. Some become increasingly agitated, restless, and may pace around the room
• continuing behavioural;

  Aggression and self-harm: People with depression are often irritable and aggressive. Also lead to physical aggression against the self: self-harm or suicide attempts
• Emotional;

  • sadness; this is very common feeling associated amongst depression sufferers (along with feelings of emptiness). People may feel worthless, hopeless and have low self-esteem.
  • loss of interest/pleasure; this is seen in the loss of interest/pleasure in usual hobbies and activities- such behaviours are often associated with the feeling of losing control
  • anger; this can be directed towards ithers or turned inwards on the self
• Cognitive;

  • negative self-concept; an individual may feel guilt or that they are worthless/don't matter
  • negative view of the world; an expectation that things are always going to turn out badly rather than positively
  • negative view of the future; depression suffered believe that negative situations are never going to change
  •  Poor concentration: Unable to stick to a task or make bad decisions they would usually find straightforward. Poor concentration + decision-making are likely to interfere with an individual's work