GR11

• What is research defined as according to Baraceras (2016)?

  A scientific, experimental, or inductive manner of thinking
• What is the purpose of research as defined by Merriam-Webster (2021)?


  A careful study done to find and report new knowledge about something
• What are the two main categories of research according to purpose?

  • Theoretical Research:
  • Pure or basic research
  • Creating new general concepts
  • Formulation of theories
  • Applied Research:
  • Finding strategies to address specific problems
  • Generating practical scientific knowledge from theory
• What are the types of research based on depth of scope?

  • Exploratory Research: Investigates subjects that are not well understood
  • Descriptive Research: Defines characteristics of phenomena without investigating causes
  • Correlational Research: Identifies relationships between two or more variables
• What are the two main types of data used in research?

  • Qualitative Research:
  • Often used in social sciences
  • Analyzed through thematic analysis
  • Quantitative Research:
  • Involves statistics and numerical data
  • Can be experimental or non-experimental
• What are the types of research based on the degree of variable manipulation?

  • Experimental Research: Explores variables under controlled conditions
  • Non-Experimental Research: Describes collected data without treatment
  • Quasi-Experimental Research: Controls some variables but does not follow all aspects of true experimental research
• What are the two types of studies based on duration?

  • Longitudinal Study (Diachronic Research): Monitors a phenomenon over time
  • Cross-Sectional Study (Synchronous Research): Observes phenomena at a specific time
• How is data obtained in research?

  • Documentary Research: Systematic review of existing sources
  • Field Research: Direct collection of information at the location of phenomena
  • Laboratory Research: Conducted in a controlled environment
  • Mixed Method: Combination of documentary, field, and/or laboratory research
• What are the two types of research according to the source of information?

  • Primary Research: Collection of data directly from the source
  • Secondary Research: Development of information from secondary sources
• What are the types of research according to the type of inference?

  • Deductive Investigation: Testing the validity of known research
  • Inductive Research: Developing theories from patterns observed
  • Hypothetical-Deductive Investigation: Making hypotheses based on reality and testing them
• What are the characteristics of qualitative and quantitative inquiry?

  • Qualitative Inquiry:
  • One definite step or solution to a problem
  • Less formal and can be done in normal situations
  • Requires shorter time and is cheaper
  • Quantitative Inquiry:
  • Involves systematic processes and is more formal
• What is the nature of research as described in the study material?


  Research is a complicated yet systematic process that requires ample time and budgeting.