Enzymes

• What is the role of enzymes in biological processes?

  Enzymes act as biological catalysts.
• How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?

  By lowering the activation energy.
• What is the induced fit model in enzyme activity?

  It describes how the substrate does not fit precisely until it binds with the active site of the enzyme.
• What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

  They start to denature, causing the particles to vibrate more and leading to the breaking of bonds in the tertiary structure.
• What types of bonds are involved in maintaining the tertiary structure of enzymes?

  Ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds.
• How does pH affect enzyme activity?

  It can change the charge of some amino acids, affecting the ionic bonds that hold the tertiary structure together and altering the shape of the active site.
• What are the two types of enzyme inhibitors?

  • Competitive inhibitors: replace the substrate on the active site.
  • Non-competitive inhibitors: bind to a different site and change the shape of the active site.