grammar

• hay is used to say if there is something and is used with an unspecific article
• estar is used to say a location of something
• hace


  ago
• despues de


  after
• despues


  afterwards
• conmigo


  with me
• contigo


  with you
• estar + gerundio


  emphasises action in progress
• to make gerund

  ar - ando

  er/ir - iendo
• reflexives

  me, te, se, nos, os, se
• direct object (object)


  me te lo/la nos os los/las
• indirect object (dative)

  me te le nos os les
• más de

  excess of
• bien is an adverb and is mostly used with estar
• bueno is an adjective so mostly used with ser
• por means because of, never for
• demasiado + adj - does have to agree


  verb + demasiado (as an adverb) doesnt have to agree
• solo (adv) means only


  solo (adj) means alone (has to agree)
• salvar - to save

  ahorrar - to save (money)
• accent on last syllable, if stress of word is on last syllable, and if word ends in vowel, n, s
• accent on penultimate syllable, if stress of word is on penultimate syllable and word doesn't end in vowel, n, s
• accent one before penultimate syllable, if stress falls on one before penultimate syllable - always
• for describing duration, use present or imperfect tense
• what does the verb gusta need to agree with

  the thing being liked

  NOT the amount of people liking it

  eg. muchas turistas les gusta el cuadro
• what goes with gustar

  indirect object pronouns, - me, te, le, nos, os, les
• demonstrative adjectives

  this - este/a/os/as

  those (near) - ese/a/os/as

  those (far) - aquel/la/los/las
• what do possessive adjectives agree with (mi, tu, su)

  noun that follows them
• possessive adjectives

  mi, tu, su, nuestro/a, vuestro/a , su

  mis, tus, sus, nuestros/as, vuestros/as, sus
• alguien

  someone
• algo


  something
• nada

  nothing
• nadie

  no one
• este, ese, aquel


  this, that, that (further)
• different forms of este

  este, esta, estos, estas
• different forms of aquel

  aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas
• different forms of ese

  ese, esa, esos, esas
• algún and alguno difference

  both mean some/any

  algún goes before a noun

  alguno goes instead of the noun but only when it is already mentioned
• ya

  already
• todavía

  still
• ya no

  no longer