ANAPHY INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN ANAPHY: DEFINITION OF TERMS

• The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment despite flunctuations in the external environment.

  Homeostasis
• Learning about human anatomy and physiology is important for understanding disease

  True
• The scientific discipline that investigates the structure of the body

  Ex. The parts and chambers of the heart

  Anatomy
• Examines the relationship between the structure of a body part and its function.

  Ex. Structure of Hammer informs us of its primary use of driving nails into wood

  ●bone tissue is hard, mineralized substance enables the bones to provide strength and support.

  Anatomy
• 2 basic approaches to the study of anatomy

  1. Systemic Anatomy
  2. Regional Anatomy
• Study of the body by systems, such as cardiovascular, nervous, skeletal amd muscular system

  ●approach taken in anaphy book

  Systemic Anatomy
• Study of the organization of the body by AREAS. Within each REGION such as HEAD, ABDOMEN, and ARM, all systems are studied simultaenously.

  ●approach taken in medical and dental books.

  Regional Anatomy
• Anatomists 2 general ways to examine the internal structures of a living person.

  1.) Surface Anatomy

  2.)Anatomical Imaging
• Study of external features such as bony projections, which serves as landmarks for locating deeper structures.

  Ex. Sternum(breastbone) is used by health professionals as landmark for listening to heart sound.

  Surface anatomy
• is used by health professionals as landmark for listening to heart sound.

  Sternum(breastbone)
• Involves the use of x-rays, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other technologies to create pictures of internal structures

  Ex. When determining if a bone is broken or a ligament is torn

  Anatomical imaging
• Both surface anatomy and anatomical imaging provide important information for diagnosing disease.

  True
• The study of nature

  Physiology
• Scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living things

  Physiology
• Its important in physiology to recognize structures as

  Dynamic
• 2 major goals when studying physiology

  1. Examining the body's responses to stimuli and
  2. The bodys maintenace of stable internal conditions
• Study of humans

  Human physiology
• Like anatomy, physiology can be studied at multiple levels

  True
• Focuses on processes inside cells such as the manufacturing of substances, including proteins

  Cellular Physiology
• Focuses on the functions of organ systems.

  Systemic physiology
• 6 structural levels of human body

  1. Chemical
  2. Cell
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organ system
  6. Organism
• Simplest level of organization in human body is

  Atom
• _combine to form molecules

  Atoms
• _aggregate into cells.

  Molecules
• _ from tissues which combine with other tissues to form organ

  Cell
• _work in group called organ system

  Organ
• All organ system work together to form an

  Organism
• Body structure

  Anatomy
• Means to dissect

  Anatomy
• Processes, functions

  Physiology
• Importance of anatomy and physiology understand how the body:

  ●responds to stimuli

  ●environmental cues

  ●diseases

  ●injury

  ●maintains stable, internal conditions despite continually changing environment
• Studies body systems

  Systemic anatomy
• Studies body regions (med school)

  Regional anatomy
• Studies external features.

  Ex. Bone projections

  Surface anatomy
• Using technologies (x- rays, ultrasound, MRI)

  anatomical imaging
• Smallest level in organization

  Chemical level
• This level composed of atoms, chemical bonds, molecules

  Chemical level
• Basic units of life


  Cells
• This level composed of compartments and organelles like mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes, cytoplasm

  Cell level
• Group of cells with similar structure and function plus extracellular substances they release

  Tissues