Integumentary

• What is the integumentary system?

  The integumentary system is the body's outer covering that provides protection and helps maintain homeostasis.
• What are the three main layers of the integumentary system?

  - Epidermis: The outermost layer - Dermis: The layer beneath the epidermis - Hypodermis: The deepest layer (subcutaneous tissue)
• What are the key functions of the integumentary system?

  The key functions include protection from pathogens, vitamin D production, temperature regulation, and sensation.
• What is the layer beneath the epidermis?

  The layer beneath the epidermis is called the dermis.
• What is the deepest layer of the integumentary system?

  The deepest layer is called the hypodermis or subcutaneous tissue.
• What is the outermost layer of the skin called?


  The outermost layer of the skin is called the epidermis.
• How does the integumentary system help maintain homeostasis?

  It helps maintain homeostasis through temperature regulation and protection from environmental factors.
• What is the primary function of the epidermis?

  The primary function of the epidermis is protection against environmental factors and pathogens.
• What are the five layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

  1. Stratum basale (stratum germinativum) 2. Stratum spinosum 3. Stratum granulosum 4. Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin) 5. Stratum corneum
• What is the function of the stratum basale?


  The stratum basale contains stem cells for keratinocyte production and melanocytes for pigment production.
• What is produced in the stratum granulosum?

  The stratum granulosum produces keratin and waterproofing lipids.
• Which layer of the epidermis is only present in thick skin?

  The stratum lucidum is only present in thick skin, such as the palms and soles.
• What is the main function of the stratum corneum?

  The stratum corneum provides a barrier against environmental factors and prevents water loss.
• What is the dermis composed of?


  The dermis is composed of connective tissue and contains blood vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands.
• What are the two main layers of the dermis?

  1. Papillary dermis: Upper layer, consisting of loose connective tissue 2. Reticular dermis: Lower layer, made of dense irregular connective tissue
• What role do collagen and elastin fibers play in the dermis?

  Collagen and elastin fibers provide strength and elasticity to the skin.
• What is the function of sweat glands in the dermis?

  Sweat glands help regulate body temperature.
• What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?

  Sebaceous glands produce oil (sebum) to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair.
• What are the primary functions of the hypodermis?

  - Fat storage - Insulation - Cushioning - Housing larger blood vessels and nerves - Connecting skin to underlying muscles and bones
• What is the hypodermis also known as?

  The hypodermis is also known as the subcutaneous layer.
• How does the hypodermis help maintain body temperature?

  The hypodermis helps maintain body temperature by providing insulation against heat and cold.
• What is the primary function of eccrine sweat glands?

  Eccrine sweat glands are primarily responsible for thermoregulation by secreting watery sweat onto the skin surface.
• Where are apocrine glands located?

  Apocrine glands are located in the armpits, groin, and around the nipples.
• What do apocrine glands secrete and what is their function?

  Apocrine glands secrete a thicker, protein-rich fluid into hair follicles, which can produce body odor when broken down by bacteria.
• What is the function of sebaceous glands?


  Sebaceous glands lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair by secreting sebum.