War of the Roses

• Who was the king of England from 1377 to 1399?

  Richard II
• What was a significant concern regarding Richard II's kingship prior to 1300?


  His hard-faced machinations were worrying and may have led to unrest.
• What was the name of the revolt that Richard II faced?

  The Peasants' Revolt
• What did Richard II attempt to secure against domestic threats?

  French support
• Who were Richard II's notable favorites?

  Michael de la Pole and Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford
• What was the reaction of Parliament at the "Wonderful Parliament" regarding Richard's favorites?

  They demanded the removal of de la Pole.
• What was the outcome of the accusations against Richard's favorites in 1399?

  They were accused of treason and defeated at the Battle of Radcot Bridge.
• How did the return of John of Gaunt affect political stability?

  It aided political stability.
• What major conflict was England involved in during Richard II's reign?

  The Hundred Years War
• Why was Richard II seen as pro-French?

  He was known as Richard of Bordeaux due to his childhood spent in France.
• What was Richard II's military capability compared to his predecessors?

  He was not a good soldier like his father and grandfather.
• What was the outcome of Richard II's expedition to Scotland in 1385?


  It ended badly.
• What was the significance of Richard II's lack of an heir?


  It raised concerns about the stability of the monarchy.
• Who was Richard II's first wife?

  Anne of Bohemia
• What happened to Richard II's marriage to Anne of Bohemia?

  It was childless.
• What significant event occurred in 1399 regarding Richard II?

  He was captured and imprisoned in the Tower.
• What was the political situation that allowed Bolingbroke to gain support for an invasion?

  Richard confiscated Bolingbroke's inheritance, which angered nobles.
• What was the outcome of the Welsh rebellion led by Owain Glyndwr?


  It lasted from 1400 until 1409.
• How did Henry IV manage to hold onto the throne despite challenges?

  He ensured the loyalty of the Earl of March and displayed military skill.
• What was the significance of the Epiphany Rising in 1400?


  It was an attempt to restore Richard II to the throne.
• What was the impact of Richard II's death in 1400 on Henry IV's reign?


  It removed another rival claimant to the throne.
• Who were the key figures involved in the Epiphany Rising?

  Earl of Huntingdon, Earl of Kent, Earl of Salisbury, and Sir Thomas Despenser
• What were the key dates during Richard II's reign?

  • 1377: Richard II ascends to the throne
  • 1381: Peasants' Revolt
  • 1382: Marriage to Anne of Bohemia
  • 1385: De la Pole promoted Chancellor
  • 1399: Richard II is captured and imprisoned
• What were the key dates during Henry IV's reign?

  • 1399: Usurpation of the throne
  • 1400: Epiphany Rising
  • 1402: Capture of Sir Edmund Mortimer
  • 1403: Battle of Shrewsbury
  • 1413: Death of Henry IV
• What were the strengths and weaknesses of Henry IV's reign?

  Strengths:

  • Proven warrior
  • Had an heir
  • Secured alliances through marriage

  
  

  Weaknesses:

  • Faced challenges from over-mighty subjects
  • Financial strain from military conflicts
  • Loss of noble support at times
• Who were the appellants during Richard II's reign?

  • Henry Bolingbroke
  • Thomas Mowbray
  • Thomas of Woodstock
  • Earl of Arundel
  • Earl of Warwick
• Who were the dukes involved during Richard II's reign?


  • Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford
  • Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk
  • John Holland, Duke of Exeter
  • Thomas Holland, Duke of Surrey
  • Edward, Duke of Aumale