AP Psych Unit 1 pt 2

• Meta-Analysis: combining results from several similar studies.
• A case study is the the study of one person or a group in great detail
• naturalistic observation is observing people in their natural setting
• Correlation a statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two variables are linearly related
• falsifiable: able to be altered or represented falsely
• Confounding variables: Variables that are not controlled for in the experiment but may affect the results.
• Operational Definition: A definition that is specific and measurable.
• Representative sampling: A sampling technique that involves selecting a sample from a population that is similar to the target population in terms of characteristics.
• Random Sampling: getting a random sample of the population that is representative of the population
• Convenience sampling: A sampling technique that involves selecting a sample from a population based on the ease with which it can be obtained.
• Sampling Bias: when some members of the population are more likely to be selected than others
• placebo: a harmless pill used in double-blind experiments
• single blind experiment: participants do not know who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group
• Double Blind: participants and researches do not know who is in the control group
• Social Desirability Bias:  response bias that is the tendency of survey respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be viewed favorably by others.
• Structured Interviews: A type of interview that is designed to gather information in a specific way.
• Wording effect: the systematic method variance caused by positive and negative item wordings on a self-report measure.
• self report bias: when participants are asked to report their own behaviour, they may be more likely to report positive behaviour
• The third variable problem: when a third variable effects both the IV and the DV and makes it seem like they have a relationship
• Institutional Review Boards: groups charged with evaluating risks and benefits of human participant research at their institution.
• informed Assent: when minor agrees to particicpate in a clinical trial
• Informed consent: when an adult agrees to participate in a clinical trial
• Research confederates: people who are actors that secretly participate with the subjects to influence behavior
• Central tendency: measure that attempts to describe a whole set of data with a single value that represents the middle or centre of its distribution.
• normal curve: a symmetrical probability distribution in statistics
• skewness: the degree of asymmetry observed in a probability distribution.
• Bimodal distribution: When two separate groups are visible, there are two modes
• percentile rank: the position of a score in a distribution of scores
• regression toward the mean: following an extreme random event, the next random event is likely to be less extreme
• standard deviation:  a measure of how dispersed the data is in relation to the mean
• inferential data: data that is used to make inferences about the population from which the sample was drawn
• statistical significance: the claim that a result from data generated by testing or experimentation is likely to be attributable to a specific cause
• effect sizes: the difference between the experimental group and the control group, expressed as a percentage of the difference between the two groups