1.1a Skeletal system

• What is the skeletal system composed of?

  The skeletal system is composed of many bones that shape the framework of the body.
• What are the major bones in the human skeleton?

  • Radius
  • Cranium
  • Clavicle
  • Scapula
  • Humerus
  • Phalanges
  • Metacarpals
  • Carpals
  • Femur
  • Patella
  • Tibia
  • Fibula
  • Sternum
  • Ribs
  • Vertebrae
  • Pelvis
  • Tarsals
  • Metatarsals
• What is the function of the skeleton in terms of support?

  The skeleton provides a shaping framework that gives the body support and posture.
• How does the skeleton protect internal organs?

  The skeleton gives protection to keep the internal organs from damage or injury.
• How does the skeleton allow movement?

  The skeleton allows movement by providing a framework for muscles to attach and form lever systems.
• What role do large bones play in blood production?

  Some large bones contain marrow which produces blood cells.
• What minerals does the skeleton store?

  The skeleton stores minerals such as calcium, potassium, and iron.
• Which bone protects the brain?

  The cranium protects the brain.
• Which bones protect the heart and lungs?

  The ribs protect the heart and lungs.
• What do muscles attach to in order to create movement?

  Muscles attach to bones to create movement.
• True or false: Two functions of the skeleton are to produce blood cells and to store minerals?

  True
• What are synovial joints?

  Synovial joints are freely movable joints where two or more bones articulate.
• What is the function of synovial fluid in joints?

  Synovial fluid allows friction-free movement in synovial joints.
• What do ligaments do?

  Ligaments connect bone to bone and keep joints stable.
• What is the role of tendons?

  Tendons connect muscle to bone and transmit forces generated by muscles to move bones.
• What is the function of cartilage in joints?

  Cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock to protect a joint.
• What are the two forms of cartilage?

  The two forms of cartilage are articular cartilage and fibrocartilage.
• What is a hinge joint?


  A hinge joint allows movement in one plane.
• Which joints are classified as hinge joints in the human body?

  The elbow and knee are classified as hinge joints.
• What movements occur at hinge joints?

  Movements at hinge joints include flexion and extension.
• What is a ball and socket joint?

  A ball and socket joint allows a wide range of motions in all planes.
• Which joints are classified as ball and socket joints?

  The shoulder and hip joints are classified as ball and socket joints.
• What movements occur at ball and socket joints?

  Movements at ball and socket joints include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.
• How do the movements at hinge joints differ from those at ball and socket joints?

  Hinge joints allow movement in one plane, while ball and socket joints allow movement in multiple planes.
• What are the key movements at hinge joints in sports?

  • Flexion: Decrease in joint angle (e.g., elbow during a biceps curl)
  • Extension: Increase in joint angle (e.g., knee during a squat)
• What are the key movements at ball and socket joints in sports?

  • Flexion: Decrease in joint angle (e.g., shoulder during a forward motion)
  • Extension: Increase in joint angle (e.g., shoulder during a backward motion)
  • Abduction: Movement away from the body (e.g., arm out to the side)
  • Adduction: Movement towards the body (e.g., arm back to the middle)
  • Rotation: Movement around a limb's long axis (e.g., twisting motion)
  • Circumduction: Continuous circular movement of a limb (e.g., arm circles)
• What is the typical mistake regarding the bones in the knee joint?

  A typical mistake is thinking that the patella articulates in the knee joint.
• What is the function of articular cartilage?

  Articular cartilage covers the articulating surfaces of bones and reduces friction.
• What is the role of cruciate ligaments in the knee joint?

  The cruciate ligaments connect the femur and tibia in the knee joint.
• True or false: The articulating bones of the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula?

  False
• True or false: White fibrocartilage absorbs shock and helps the vertebrae fit smoothly together?


  True
• What are the key components of synovial joints?

  • Joint capsule: Strengthens the joint
  • Synovial fluid: Allows friction-free movement
  • Articular cartilage: Reduces friction and absorbs shock
  • Ligaments: Connect bone to bone and stabilize joints
  • Tendons: Connect muscle to bone