1.1b Muscular System

• How do muscles create movement?

  Muscles generate force by contracting, which transfers to the bones via tendons
• What role do tendons play in the muscular system?

  Tendons transfer the force generated by muscles to the bones
• What is the function of the lever system created by muscles and bones?

  • To move bones into different positions
  • To facilitate various movements in the body
• How can you pair muscle groups with the joints they move?

  • Identify the muscle group
  • Identify the joint it moves
  • Apply it to a sport of your choice
• Which muscle group flexes the elbow?

  Biceps
• Which muscle group extends the elbow?

  Triceps
• What movement do the deltoids perform at the shoulder?

  Flexion, extension, and abduction
• How do the latissimus dorsi and pectorals function during a discus throw?

  Latissimus dorsi adducts the shoulder, while pectorals horizontally adduct the arm
• What is the role of the gastrocnemius in ballet?

  Plantar flexion of the ankle
• What are the three main roles of muscles in movement?

  • Agonist: creates movement
  • Antagonist: coordinates and controls movement
  • Fixator: stabilizes one part of the body during movement
• In the upward phase of a biceps curl, which muscle acts as the agonist?

  Biceps
• What is the role of the antagonist during muscle movement?


  To coordinate and control movement by opposing the agonist
• How do agonist and antagonist muscles work together during movement?

  As one muscle creates movement, its antagonist coordinates the action
• What happens to the roles of the hamstrings and quadriceps when kicking a football?

  Hamstrings act as the agonist in preparation, and quadriceps act as the agonist in execution
• What is an antagonistic pair in muscle movement?

  • A pair of muscles that work together
  • One muscle acts as the agonist and the other as the antagonist
• Which two muscles are found in the upper arm near the humerus?

  Biceps and triceps
• Which muscle is found in the lower leg behind the tibia?

  Gastrocnemius
• What movement is created by the abdominals?

  Flexion of the vertebral column
• What movement is created by the latissimus dorsi?

  Adduction of the shoulder
• What is the antagonistic pair to the quadriceps?

  Hamstrings
• True or false? An agonist stabilizes an area of the body as another part moves.

  False
• True or false? Antagonistic pairs work together to coordinate movement.


  True
• True or false? The gastrocnemius and gluteals are antagonistic pairs.

  False