1.1c Movement Analysis

• What is a lever system in the context of movement analysis?

  A lever system is the coordination of bones and muscles to create movement.
• What are the four components of a lever system?

  Lever, fulcrum, effort, and load.
• In a biceps curl, what role does the biceps play in the lever system?

  The biceps generates muscular force (effort) to pull the radius upwards at the elbow joint (fulcrum).
• How does the weight being lifted affect the muscular force needed in a lever system?

  The larger the weight being lifted (load), the greater the muscular force (effort) needs to be.
• What are the three types of lever systems based on the order of the fulcrum, effort, and load?

  1. First class lever: Fulcrum between effort and load
  2. Second class lever: Load between fulcrum and effort
  3. Third class lever: Effort between fulcrum and load
• What is a sporting example of a first class lever system?

  Extension of the neck as a footballer prepares to head a football.
• What is a sporting example of a second class lever system?

  Extension of the elbow in an overarm throw in cricket.
• What is a sporting example of a third class lever system?

  Flasion of the elbow during the upward phase of a biceps curl.
• Why is a second class lever system considered the most efficient?

  It has mechanical advantage, allowing a large load to be moved with a small effort.
• What does mechanical advantage refer to in a lever system?

  The ability of a lever system to move a large load with a small effort.
• What is the component order of a third class lever system?

  Fulcrum-effort-load.
• What is the sagittal plane of movement?

  A plane of movement that vertically splits the body into left and right parts.
• What is a sporting example of movement in the sagittal plane?

  Shoulder, hip, and knee flexion during the running action.
• What is the frontal plane of movement?

  A plane of movement that vertically splits the body into front and back parts.
• What is a sporting example of movement in the frontal plane?

  Shoulder and hip abduction in the outward phase of a star jump.
• What is the transverse plane of movement?

  A plane of movement that horizontally splits the body into upper and lower parts.
• What is a sporting example of movement in the transverse plane?

  Shoulder rotation as a tennis player puts spin on the ball.
• What are the three axes of rotation in the body?

  Longitudinal, frontal, and transverse axes.
• What is the description of the longitudinal axis?

  A vertical axis which runs from the top to the bottom of the body.
• What is a sporting example of movement around the longitudinal axis?

  An ice skater performing a flat spin.
• What is the description of the frontal axis?

  A horizontal axis running from the front to the back of the body.
• What is a sporting example of movement around the frontal axis?

  A gymnast performing a cartwheel.
• What is the description of the transverse axis?


  A horizontal axis running from side to side.
• What is a sporting example of movement around the transverse axis?

  A high-board diver performing a somersault.
• What does the axis of rotation refer to?

  An imaginary line about which a body can rotate.