chapter 4 social influences

• What are the three processes individuals may undergo when experiencing social influence according to Kelman (1958)?


  Compliance, identification, and internalisation
• How does obedience differ from conformity?

  Obedience involves complying with a direct request from an authority figure, while conformity involves changing behavior to fit in with a group.
• What is the consequence of not conforming to a group?

  Risk of exclusion from the group
• What is the consequence of not obeying an authority figure?

  Risk of punishment from the authority figure
• What factors influence antisocial behaviour?


  • Diffusion of responsibility
  • Audience inhibition
  • Social influence
  • Cost-benefit analysis
  • Groupthink
• What is the concept of the bystander effect?

  The bystander effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help a victim when other people are present.
• What is an example of antisocial behaviour?

  Bullying
• What factors influence prosocial behaviour?


  Reciprocity principle, social responsibility, personal characteristics (empathy, mood, competence), and altruism
• What is prosocial behaviour?

  Voluntary actions that benefit society and its members
• How do mind maps help in studying?

  Mind maps increase retention of information and help understand relationships within content.
• What are the two categories of relational behaviours?

  Antisocial behaviour and prosocial behaviour
• What is the aim of Milgram's studies?

  To understand people's willingness to obey authority figures
• What is the definition of obedience?


  Obedience is behaving to comply with the direct request of an authority figure.
• What is the definition of antisocial behaviour?

  Behaviour that causes harm to others or violates social norms.
• What is diffusion of responsibility?

  Diffusion of responsibility is the phenomenon where individuals feel less personal responsibility to act when others are present.
• What is audience inhibition?

  Audience inhibition is the reluctance to help a victim due to fear of judgment from others.
• What is cost-benefit analysis in the context of antisocial behaviour?

  Cost-benefit analysis is the evaluation of the potential costs and benefits of helping versus not helping.
• Who conducted the study on group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies?

  Latane and Darley (1968)
• What is the significance of the smoke-filled room study by Latane and Darley?

  It demonstrated the bystander effect and how individuals react in emergencies.
• How do personal characteristics influence prosocial behaviour?

  Personal characteristics such as empathy, mood, and competence can enhance the likelihood of helping others.
• What is altruism in the context of prosocial behaviour?

  Altruism is selfless concern for the well-being of others without expecting anything in return.
• What is the role of empathy in prosocial behaviour?

  Empathy can motivate individuals to help others in need.
• How does group size affect individual behaviour?

  As group size increases, individuals may feel less personal responsibility to act.
• What are the implications of Milgram's findings on obedience for understanding social influence?

  Milgram's findings highlight the power of authority figures in influencing individuals' actions, even against their moral beliefs.
• What is the significance of the line judgment task conducted by Asch?


  The line judgment task demonstrated the effects of conformity on individual behaviour in a group setting.
• What is the main focus of the topic 'Social Influences'?

  The influence of others on human behaviour, including obedience, conformity, antisocial behaviour, and prosocial behaviour.
• How can understanding social influences help in real-life situations?

  Understanding social influences can help individuals navigate social situations and make informed decisions about their behaviour.
• How do the concepts of conformity and obedience relate to social influence theory?

  Conformity and obedience are both types of social influence that affect how individuals behave in social contexts.
• How can the principles of social influence be applied to reduce bullying in schools?

  By promoting prosocial behaviour and creating a culture of support and empathy among students.
• What is the role of social responsibility in prosocial behaviour?

  Social responsibility encourages individuals to help others and contribute positively to their community.
• What is the relationship between mood and prosocial behaviour?

  A positive mood can increase the likelihood of engaging in prosocial behaviour.
• How does the concept of groupthink relate to antisocial behaviour?

  Groupthink can lead to poor decision-making and increased likelihood of antisocial behaviour due to the desire for group cohesion.
• How can understanding the factors influencing prosocial behaviour help in community service initiatives?

  By identifying and enhancing factors such as empathy and social responsibility, initiatives can be more effective in encouraging volunteerism.
• How can the concept of the reciprocity principle be applied in social situations?

  By fostering a culture where individuals feel compelled to return favours, enhancing social bonds and cooperation.
• What is the significance of personal characteristics in influencing prosocial behaviour?

  Personal characteristics such as empathy and mood can significantly affect an individual's likelihood to engage in helping behaviours.
• What is the main finding from Latane and Darley's (1968) study regarding individuals in a smoke-filled room?

  Individuals alone were more likely to act than those in a group.
• How does the concept of social loafing relate to group behaviour?

  Social loafing occurs when individuals exert less effort in a group than when working alone, often leading to decreased overall group performance.
• How can the understanding of social influences be applied to improve teamwork in organizations?

  By recognizing the impact of group dynamics and fostering a supportive environment, organizations can enhance collaboration and productivity.
• How can knowledge of the factors influencing antisocial behaviour help in preventing bullying?

  By addressing factors such as audience inhibition and diffusion of responsibility, interventions can be designed to encourage bystander intervention.
• What is the role of authority figures in influencing obedience?

  Authority figures can compel individuals to act against their own moral beliefs due to perceived power and influence.