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Issues and debate
Cultural bias
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Cards (20)
What is cultural bias in research?
Cultural bias refers to a
distorted
view of other
cultures
due to a researcher's own
cultural
understanding.
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How does cultural bias affect theories and research?
Cultural bias can lead to the
ignoring
of cultural
differences
, affecting the
validity
of theories and research.
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What does the term 'universality' mean in psychology?
Universality means that
theories
apply to all people,
regardless of culture
or
gender.
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Why is it unlikely that mainstream psychology has developed universal theories?
Mainstream psychology tends not to view
culture
as an important
influence
on
behavior.
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How is bias defined in the context of cultural differences?
Bias is defined as a
prejudice
for or
against
one person or group, especially in an
unfair
manner.
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What is ethnocentrism?
Ethnocentrism
is the use of one's own
cultural
group as a
basis
for
judging
other cultural groups.
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How does the Western individualistic view towards attachment differ from a collectivist culture's view?
In Western cultures,
independence
is valued, while in collectivist cultures, dependence is more
highly valued.
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What is cultural
relativism
?
Cultural relativism
suggests that all
cultures
are
worthy
of
respect
and should be understood from their own
perspective.
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What approach should researchers take to study another culture effectively?
Researchers should take an
emic
approach, identifying and measuring
behavior
specific to that culture.
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What is the difference between emic and etic approaches?
An emic approach studies behavior from
within
the culture, while an etic approach studies behavior from an
outside
perspective.
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What did Mead's research into gender differences conclude?
initially concluded that there were significant gender differences due to culture.
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What are the implications of cultural bias in diagnosing mental illness?
Cultural bias may lead to
misdiagnosis
if symptoms defined by
Western
culture are not
applicable
to other cultures.
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How can taking an emic approach improve research validity?
Taking an emic approach allows researchers to develop a full
understanding
of a
culture
, leading to more
valid
interpretations of behavior.
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What are some examples of universal traits in psychology?
Some universal traits include
interactional synchrony
and the
fight
or
flight
response.
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Why might the distinction between individualism and collectivism be unhelpful in modern research?
This distinction may be unhelpful because there are
differences
within cultures, and the world is becoming more
interconnected.
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What issue arises from operationalizing variables in cross-cultural research?
Without understanding the culture, researchers may
misinterpret
behaviors that are viewed
differently
across cultures.
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What did Takahashi find in his study using the Strange Situation procedure?
Takahashi found that infants became extremely
distressed
upon
separation
due to
cultural
differences, not
attachment
type.
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of cultural bias in psychological research?
Strengths:
Highlights the importance of
cultural
context in understanding behavior.
Encourages researchers to consider
diverse
perspectives.
Weaknesses:
Can lead to
misinterpretation
of behaviors.
May result in
unfair
treatment of individuals from different cultures.
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What are the key differences between emic and etic approaches in cultural research?
Emic Approach:
Studies behavior from
within
the culture.
Focuses on
culture-specific
practices.
Etic Approach:
Studies behavior from an
outside perspective.
Assumes
universality
of behaviors across cultures.
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what is examples of ethnocentrism?
strange situation-
assumes that one culture can apply to other
based on Western norms
Jahoda-
autonomy
may be more important in one culture than other cultures.
Definition of
abnormality