Imperial Expansion

• Which colony marked the start of the tobacco trade?

  Jamestown in 1607
• What became the first cash crop in the colonies?

  Tobacco
• What was the limit of tobacco exports in 1638?

  1,600,000 lbs
• What was the fine for adultery and fornication in the colonies in 1669?

  1000 lbs of tobacco
• How much tobacco was exported from North American colonies after 1700?

  22 million lbs
• Who were regularly shipped to North America for work in the tobacco trade?

  Vagrants
• Which ship carried Puritan settlers to Massachusetts?

  The Mayflower
• How many Puritans did the Massachusetts Bay Colony receive in the 1630s?

  20,000
• How many Puritans migrated to North America in the 1630s?

  80,000
• What markets were enabled by the Puritan New England colonies?

  Farming, Fishing, and Fur
• How much did the Newfoundland colony produce in exports of fish?

  £50,000 a year in customs, employing 10,000 people
• How many ships were employed in the tobacco trade by 1671?

  140 ships of between 150 and 500 tons
• How much did tobacco provide in customs a year?

  £100,000
• Which area of the Caribbean was occupied in the early 1600s?

  Bermuda occupied in 1612 and St Kitts occupied in 1624
• After the Spanish economic depression, where did Britain secure territories?

  Montserrat, Barbados, and Antigua
• When did sugar become the primary crop of Antigua?

  1674 - First sugar plantation established by Christopher Codrington
• When was Jamaica seized from the Spanish?

  1655
• What crops were farmed in Jamaica?

  Sugar, Coffee, and Cocoa
• How many acres of cultivation were in Jamaica in 1670?

  209,000
• How many sugar refineries were there in Jamaica?

  57
• How many British settlers were there in Jamaica by 1662?

  4,000
• What did the slave population in Jamaica increase to from 1670 to 1713?

  From 7,000 in 1670 to 55,000 in 1713
• What was Cromwell’s policy of mercantilism called?

  The Grand Western Design
• What was the idea of The Grand Western Design?

  To disrupt the Spanish monopoly on trade in the Caribbean
• How many vessels were built and captured by the British between 1646-59?

  109 vessels built and 111 captured
• What did the 1670 Treaty of Madrid mean?

  British possessions in the Caribbean were recognized and ships could sail freely
• How many London merchants agreed to the East India Company in 1600?

  242
• When was the charter of the East India Company withdrawn by Cromwell?

  In 1657 due to royalist fears
• When did the East India Company receive a new charter?

  In 1662 from Charles II and £740,000 of assets were returned
• What did Charles and Catherine of Braganza’s marriage mean for the East India Company?

  Portugal gifted Charles Bombay which he granted to the East India Company in 1667
• When was the Fort of Madras strengthened?

  1667
• In the early years of Charles’ reign, how many ships did the East India Company have?

  A fleet of 28 with half being sent to Asia each year
• Where was the East India Company expelled from in 1683?


  Expelled from Java by the Dutch
• How many shareholders did the East India Company have?

  500
• How much had the annual profits of the East India Company increased by the 1680s?

  From £100,000 in 1600-40 to £600,000 in the 1680s
• When was lasting peace made with the Portuguese region of Goa?

  1635
• What were the three main products of the East India Company?

  Saltpetre, Pepper, and Tea
• What was the first shipment of Saltpetre by the East India Company?

  First shipment in 1626
• When did the East India Company start selling Pepper in bulk?

  Since 1627
• When was the first shipment of Tea by the East India Company?

  First shipment in 1664