Technique where a liquid is heated to create a vapour which is cooled by a condenser, causing the gas to condense into a liquid and drip into a separate flask - separation is induced by relative volatilities and boiling pointd
What equipment is used for distillation?
Either done with:
semi-micro distillation apparatus
quickfit apparatus (pear-shaped/round-bottomed flask w liebig condenser, still head, stopper, receiver, adaptor, fitted with a thermometer and collection vessel)
Oxidising agents are often used in distillation. What is an oxidising agent?
oxidising agents oxidise other chemicals by receiving electrons from them.
oxidising agents are in turn reduced.
Why are anti-bumping granules used in distillation?
To allow smooth boiling, preventing bubbles caused by vapour to cause upwards splashing in the flask.
How do you isolate a liquid product?
Use separating funnel to isolate the organic layer from the aqueous layer. Shake the flask. Allow layers to separate. Then open the tap and run off one layer into a separate container.
