LANGUAGE HISTORY

• Anglo Saxon period examples

  house

  woman

  loaf

  days of week

  martyr

  bishop
• Anglo Saxon period context

  war and invasion caused additions.

  gave names for everyday things

  influenced by Latin from Christian Missionaries
• Viking era examples

  drag

  ransack

  die

  pillage

  thrust

  give

  take

  hug
• Viking era context

  more aggressive and violent verbs

  given 2000 words we still use today
• Norman Conquest period examples

  Judge

  jury

  evidence

  justice

  poor

  cape

  market

  prefixes = pre- and e—

  suffixes = -ment and -able
• Normal era context

  1066

  latin was still used in the church.

  others at the time are speaking English, the french added to it

  10000 new words from Normans
• Shakespeare/Renaissance era

  Eyeball

  alligator

  anchovy

  dauntless

  breaking the ice

  lackluster
• Shakespeare context

  Renaissance and Early modern period (Elizabethan and Jacobean)

  2000 new words and phrases

  his poetry showed the world that English was a rich, vibrant language

  more words entered due to discovering even more things
• The King James Bible examples

  go the extra mile

  hearts desire

  writing on the wall

  a leopard doesn’t change its spots
• The King James Bible context

  new translation of the bible in James 1st reign

  many metaphors still used today

  made God accessible to all

  influenced writers
• English of Science examples?

  acid - 1626

  gravity - 1641

  electricity - 1646

  Vagina - 1682

  Penis - 1693

  ovary - 1658
• English of science context

  Britain was filled with physicists

  the Royal Society was formed in 1660

  spoke in latin at first so roots from Latin
• English and Empire examples

  Caribbean:

  barbecue, canoe, cannibal

  India:

  yoga, bungalow

  Africa:

  voodoo, zombie

  Australia:

  nugget, boomerang
• English and Empire context

  Britain invaded many countries between 1583 to 1914

  owe many words to these countries
• Age of dictionary examples

  restaurant

  coupon

  lager

  casino
• age of dictionary context

  lexicographers needed to put an end to different spellings of the same words.

  Took 9 years to compile the dictionary (1746-1755), it was 18 inches tall and contained almost 50000 words

  in 1857 the Oxford English Dictionary was invented, took 70 years to finish
• American English examples

  racoon

  moose

  coleslaw

  cookies

  pizza

  mafia

  bottomline

  breakeven

  whitecollar

  parking lots

  movie

  groovy
• American English Context

  British Landed in America in 1607, needed names for new plants and animals. got them from the Native Americans

  Dutch and Germans and Italians landed in America

  America spread new language of capitalism

  American English drifted to England

  Many old, forgotten English words carried on in America
• Internet English Examples

  internet

  download

  firewall

  blog

  BTW

  FYI

  LOL
• internet English context

  in 1972 the first email was sent not long after, the Internet arrived

  some changed passed into spoken English