Cell Structure

• What are cells considered in biological terms?


  Cells are the basic building blocks of life.
• What is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently?


  A cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate independently.
• How do bacterial cells differ from animal and plant cells in terms of organism structure?

  Bacterial cells can be whole organisms, while animal and plant cells are multicellular and part of larger organisms.
• How many types of cells are mentioned in the study material?

  Three types: animal cells, plant cells, and bacterial cells.
• What are the main subcellular structures found in both animal and plant cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
  • Ribosomes
• What is the function of the cell membrane?

  The cell membrane controls which substances can pass in and out of the cell.
• What does the nucleus contain and what is its role?

  The nucleus contains the genetic material (DNA) and controls the activities of the cell.
• What is cytoplasm and what occurs within it?

  Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance where all other subcellular structures sit and where chemical reactions take place.
• What is the primary function of mitochondria?

  Mitochondria provide energy to the cells by breaking down sugars like glucose through aerobic respiration.
• What is the process called that mitochondria use to release energy?

  Aerobic respiration.
• What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?

  Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis, where proteins are made.
• What are the additional structures found in plant cells that are not in animal cells?

  • Rigid cell wall made of cellulose
  • Permanent vacuole containing cell sap
  • Chloroplasts for photosynthesis
• What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?

  The cell wall provides support and structure to the cell and prevents it from bursting when too much water enters.
• What is contained within the permanent vacuole of a plant cell?

  The permanent vacuole contains cell sap, which is a mixture of sugars, salts, and water.
• What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

  Chloroplasts are where photosynthesis occurs, using sunlight to make sugars like glucose.
• What substance in chloroplasts absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll absorbs light energy needed for photosynthesis.
• What type of cells are bacteria classified as?

  Bacteria are classified as prokaryotic cells.
• What does it mean for bacteria to be unicellular?

  Unicellular means that bacteria consist of a single cell organism.
• What are the main components of bacterial cells?

  • Cell membrane
  • Cell wall
  • Ribosomes
  • Cytoplasm
  • Circular strand of DNA (nucleoid)
• How do bacterial cells differ in terms of genetic material compared to eukaryotic cells?

  Bacterial cells have a single circular strand of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm, while eukaryotic cells have their DNA contained within a nucleus.
• What are plasmids in bacterial cells?

  Plasmids are additional small rings of DNA that carry extra genes, such as antibiotic resistance.
• What is the function of flagella in some bacteria?

  Flagella are thread-like structures that allow bacteria to move by rotating to propel themselves.
• What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells do.