Bonding And Structure

• What is an ion?

  An atom that has lost or gained electrons.
• Which kinds of elements form ionic bonds?

  Metals and no-metals.
• What charges do ions from group 1 and 2 form?

  Group 1 : 1+

  Group 2: 2+
• What charges do ions from group 6 and 7 form?

  Group 6: 2-

  Group 7: 1-
• Name the force that holds oppositely charged ions together.

  Electrostatic force of attraction.
• Describe the structure of a giant ionic lattice.

  Regular structure of alternating positive and negative ions, held together by the electrostatic force of attraction.
• What do ionic substances have high melting points?

  Electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative ions is strong and requires lots of energy to break.
• What don't ionic substances conduct electricity when solid?

  Ions are fixed in position so cannot move, and there are no delocalised electrons.
• When can ionic substances conduct electricity?

  When melted or dissolved.
• Why do ionic substances conduct electricity when melted or dissolved?

  Ions are free to move and carry charge.
• Describe the structure of a pure metal.

  Layers of positive metal ions surrounded by delocalised electrons.
• Describe the bonding in a pure metal.

  Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between metal ions and delocalised electrons.
• What are 4 properties of pure metals?

  -malleable

  -high melting/boiling points

  -good electricity conductors

  -good conductors of thermal energy
• Explain why pure metals are malleable.

  Layers can slide over each other easily.
• Explain why metals have high melting and boiling points.

  Electrostatic force of attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons is strong and requires a lot of energy to break.
• Why are metals good conductors of electricity and thermal energy?

  Delocalised electrons are free to move through the metal.
• What is an alloy?

  Mixture of a metal with atoms of another element.
• Explain why alloys are harder than pure metals.

  Different sized atoms disturb the layers, preventing them from sliding over eachother.
• Define an ionic bond

  When a metal donates electrons to a non-metal forming opposite charged ions that are attracted to eachother
• Define a covalent bond

  A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals
• Define a metallic bond

  Positive metal ions in a sea of delocalised electrons
• Define polymer

  A long chain molecule made up of repeating monomers
• Define monomer

  The small molecules that join together to make polymers
• Define delocalised

  Electrons which are free to move anywhere