Elements and compounds (lesson notes)

Cards (50)

  • What are the main elements that make up an organism's body?
    Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Calcium, and Phosphorus
  • What is the role of iron in the body?
    Iron is the main constituent of haemoglobin, which transports oxygen in red blood cells
  • Why is calcium important for the body?
    Calcium is essential for muscle contraction
  • What is the significance of nitrogen in the body?
    Nitrogen is the main part of amino acids
  • What does the term 'ate' refer to in chemistry?
    'Ate' refers to oxygen, or something oxygenated
  • What are macronutrients and their significance?
    • Macronutrients include iron, magnesium, phosphate, and calcium
    • Needed in small traces within the body
    • Phosphate groups make up DNA, RNA, and ATP (the universal energy currency)
    • Magnesium is essential for healthy bone growth and chlorophyll production in plants
  • What happens if there is a lack of magnesium in plants?
    A lack of magnesium leads to yellow leaves and 'chlorosis', preventing photosynthesis
  • What are micronutrients and examples of them?
    • Micronutrients include zinc, manganese, and iodine
    • Needed in minuscule amounts
  • What are the basic building blocks of all substances?
    All substances are made from atoms of elements
  • How are molecules formed?
    Molecules are made from two or more atoms
  • What defines a molecule as an element?
    If the atoms in the molecule are the same, then the molecule is an element
  • What defines a molecule as a compound?
    If the atoms are different, then the molecule is a compound
  • What are ions and how can they be charged?
    Ions can be positively or negatively charged
  • What are negatively charged particles that have gained one or more electrons called?
    Anions
  • What is the overall charge of an anion?
    Negative charge
  • What happens to an atom when it becomes a positively charged ion?

    It has lost one or more electrons and has more protons than electrons
  • What are compounds made from?
    Atoms of two or more elements
  • What distinguishes ionic compounds from molecular compounds?
    Ionic compounds are made of charged particles, while molecular compounds consist of non-charged particles
  • Why do positively charged ions have an overall positive charge?
    Because they have more protons (positive charge) than electrons (negative charge)
  • What is the solubility characteristic of non-polar compounds?
    They do not dissolve in water but will dissolve in lipids
  • What are pure substances divided into?
    Elements and compounds
  • What is required to break down pure substances into smaller parts?
    A chemical nuclear reaction
  • What are the six common elements that account for 99% of the mass of the human body?
    Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and two others
  • What percentage of the human body mass is made up of Nitrogen?
    3%
  • What are the main components of all organic molecules?
    Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
  • In which types of molecules are Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen found?
    Amino acids and nucleic acids
  • What are the functions of the six common elements in the human body?
    • Oxygen: Essential for respiration
    • Carbon: Backbone of organic molecules
    • Hydrogen: Component of water and organic compounds
    • Nitrogen: Key element in amino acids and nucleic acids
  • What percentage of the human body mass is calcium?
    2%
  • What is the function of calcium in the body?
    It strengthens teeth, bones, and nerves in animals, and cell walls in plants.
  • Where is calcium present in the body?
    In cell membranes, ATP, and nucleic acids.
  • What percentage of the human body mass is potassium?
    0.35%
  • What is the function of potassium in the body?
    Nerve impulse transmission.
  • What percentage of the human body mass is sulfur?

    0.25%
  • What role does sulfur play in the body?
    It is a component of some amino acids.
  • What is the function of chlorine in the body?
    It is involved in carbon dioxide transport.
  • What is the function of sodium in the body?
    Nerve impulse transmission.
  • What is the function of magnesium in the body?
    It is involved in enzyme function and chlorophyll function in plants.
  • What is the function of iron in the body?
    It is essential for oxygen transport.
  • What is the function of copper in the body?
    It is involved in enzyme function.
  • What is the function of manganese in the body?
    It is involved in enzyme function.