Maternal deprivation

• What type of clinic provided information for Bowlby's analysis?

  Child Guidance Clinic
• What was the main focus of Bowlby's analysis of children?


  Children diagnosed as maladjusted
• How many children in Bowlby's study had been caught stealing?

  44 children
• What term did Bowlby use to describe children who showed no signs of shame or responsibility?


  Affectionless thieves
• What percentage of the affectionless thieves experienced early separation from their mothers?

  86% (12 out of 14)
• What does early separation from mothers include according to Bowlby?


  Stays in hospitals or foster homes with little contact with families
• How many of the remaining 30 thieves had experienced separation from their mothers?

  5 out of 30
• What hypothesis did Bowlby develop based on his findings?

  The maternal deprivation hypothesis
• What does the maternal deprivation hypothesis state?

  Loss of a mother figure in the first few years of life leads to lasting negative effects on emotional development
• What negative effect can result from maternal deprivation according to Bowlby?

  Affectless psychopathy
• What did Bifulco et al (1992) study in relation to maternal separation?


  Women who experienced separation from their mothers due to separation or maternal death
• What percentage of women who experienced maternal separation reported depression or anxiety disorders in later life?

  25%
• How does the age of loss affect mental health problems according to Bifulco's findings?

  The mental health problems were greater if the loss occurred before the age of 6
• What are the effects of maternal deprivation on emotional development?

  • Lack of internal working model
  • Affectionless psychopathy
  • Inability to form healthy relationships
  • Higher rates of delinquency
• What are the effects of maternal deprivation on intellectual development?

  • Mental retardation characterized by abnormally low IQ
  • Lower IQ due to lack of emotional care
  • Impact on children who remain in institutions instead of being adopted
• What is the term used to describe the separation between a child and their mother during the critical period?

  Maternal deprivation
• What is the benefit of healthy monotropic attachment for infants?

  It leads to better attachments later in life
• How does Bowlby's theory relate to the emotional consequences of early maternal deprivation?


  It suggests that early maternal deprivation leads to irreversible damage to emotional development
• What is the relationship between maternal deprivation and delinquency according to Bowlby?

  Maternal deprivation is associated with a higher rate of delinquency
• Who conducted a study on children in institutions and their IQ levels?

  Goldfarb
• What characterizes mental retardation as described by Bowlby?

  Abnormally low IQ due to prolonged deprivation of maternal care