EL103 (session 1 & 2)

    Cards (47)

    • Charles Francis Hockett: American structural linguist 
      Espoused that linguistics is  
      a branch of anthropology
    • HUMAN LANGUAGE  
      FEATURES 
      Vocal-auditory channel 
      Broadcast transmission  
      and directional reception 
      Rapid fading (transitoriness)
    • HUMAN LANGUAGE TRANSMISSION 
      Acquisition is a "subconscious process identical to the process children utilize in getting at their first language." 
    • Learning is "a conscious process that  results in 'knowing about' [the rules of  the] language."
    • PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE OF LEARNING (OCAMPO,2008)
      A) Arabic other languages
      B) English
      C) Filipino
      D) Child's language
    • For kindergarten and the first three (3) years of elementary education, instruction, teaching materials and assessment shall be in the regional or native language of the learners
    • •The DepED shall formulate a mother
      language transition program from
      Grade 4 to Grade 6 so that Filipino and
      English shall be gradually introduced as
      languages of instruction until such time
      when these two (2) languages can
      become the primary languages
      of instruction at the secondary level.
    • LANGUAGE LEARNING DOMAINS:
      LC – Listening Comprehension
      OL – Oral Language and Fluency
      VD – Vocabulary Development
      RC – Reading Comprehension
    • LANGUAGE LEARNING DOMAINS:
      WC – Writing and Composition
      GS – Grammar Awareness and Structure
      AT – Attitude
      SS – Study Strategy
    • The main difference between first language and second language acquisition is that first language acquisition is a child learning his native language, whereas second language acquisition is learning a language besides his native language.
    • Language acquisition is the process through which humans gain the ability to be aware of language and to understand it as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.
    • FIRST LANGUAGE VERSUS SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION:
      A) A subconscious process
      B) Learner's reach native fluency
      C) learning language after the mother tongueacquiring
      D) requires explicit instructions or education
    • First language acquisition actually refers to infants’ acquisition of their native language.
    • Theories of First Language Acquisition:
      There are several theories of language acquisition, all of them describing how a child learns a language. In the Behaviorist approach, which was mainly expounded by B.F.Skinner, language acquisition is a process of experience and language is a conditioned behavior – a production of correct responses to stimuli.
    • According to this theory, children learn language step by step: imitationrepetitionmemorizationcontrolled drillingreinforcement. However, limitations of this behaviorist approach led to the development of Nativist or Innateness theory, which states that children are born with an innate capacity to learn language.
    • Noam Chomsky, the main figure in this theory, originally theorized that children are born with a language acquisition device in their brains.
    • Cognitive theory is another theory explaining language acquisition. According to this approach, language acquisition must be viewed in the context of children’s intellectual development and environment.
    • Second language acquisition (SLA) is learning a second language after the first language is already learned. 
    • Moreover, according to the linguist Stephen Krashen, second language acquisition occurs in five stages.
    • FIVE STAGES OF LANGUAGE ACQUISITION:
      preproduction (silent phase), early production, speech emergence, intermediate fluency, and advanced fluency.
    • Preproduction – At this stage, learners learn terms of the new language and practice them.
    • Early Production – Learners can speak in short phrases of one or two phrases. They also collect new words.
    • Speech Emergence – At this stage, learners know thousands of words and can communicate using simple questions and phrases.
    • Immediate Fluency – Learners have an advanced vocabulary and can use more complicated sentence structures. They can also share their opinions and thoughts.
    • Advanced Fluency – By this stage, learners will finally have several years of experience, and can function at a level close of native speakers.
    • Difference Between First Language and Second Language Acquisition:
      in definition
      First language acquisition is children’s acquisition of their native language, while second language acquisition is learning a language after acquiring the mother tongue.
    • Difference Between First Language and Second Language Acquisition:
      in process
      While first language acquisition is a subconscious process, second language acquisition occurs actively and consciously.
    • Difference Between First Language and Second Language Acquisition:
      in Education and Instruction
      First language acquisition doesn't require explicit instructions or education, while second language acquisition requires explicit instruction and education.
    • Difference Between First Language and Second Language Acquisition:
      in Native-like Fluency
      Since first language acquisition involves acquiring the native language, speakers are fluent in their first language. However, it is often difficult to reach a native-like fluency with the second language.
    • Children acquire language through a naturalsubconscious process during which they are unaware of grammatical rules. This happens especially when they acquire their first language(s).
    • In order to acquire a language, they need a source of natural communication, which is usually the mother, the father, or the caregiver. 
    • Some distinguish infant language acquisition – as defining the process of acquiring the first language(s) – from second language acquisition, which takes place "later" and in addition to speech, includes also reading and writing.
    • Language learning, on the other hand, is the result of direct instruction in the rules of language.
    • Language learners usually have a basic knowledge of the grammar of their first languages they acquired.
    • When we learn a new language we have a deductive approach to the intonations, phonology, morphology, syntax of the target language. 
    • ACQUISITION AND LEARNING
      A) acquisition
      B) spoken words
      C) language production
      D) learning and acquisition
    • From a neurolinguistic point of view, language acquisition and language learning are processed in two different ways in the brain.
    • The two main areas are the Broca’s area, which is situated in the left frontal cortex, and is the word production center of the brain, i.e. responsible to the production of the patterns in vocal and sign language.
    • The Wernicke’s area, in the left temporal cortex, is the word recognition center, which is primarily involved in language comprehension.
    • Roughly said, the Broca’s area is the one actively involved in language acquisition processes, whereas the Wernicke’s area is active in the language learning process – where the understanding speech takes place.