Schaffer & Emerson

• what did they find?

  -fathers are much less likely to be the primary attachment figure

  -fathers sole object of attachment = 3%

  -joint first attachment = 27%
• why was it suggested fathers were much less often the primary attachment?

  -due to fathers spending less time with children
• Ross et al


  -showed number of nappies fathers changed positively correlated to strength of attachment

  -suggests fathers who spend more time with babies have strongest attachment to them