Terrestrial Osmoregulation

• Structural Adaptation for Water Balance

  • waterproof or impermeable outer layer can reduce water loss
  • eg. scales of reptiles, feathers of birds
  • the waterproof surface acts as a barrier, preventing water loss via osmosis or evaporation
• Physiological Adaptations for Water Balance

  • excreting nitrogenous waste such as uric acid is effective in saving water
  • many terrestrial vertebrates slow down the production of urine by reducing the rate of glomerular filtration
  • sweat glands may be reduced to conserve water in dry environments
• Behavioural Adaptations for Water Balance

  • burrowing - burrows have lower temperatures and higher humidity than open air, reducing water loss
  • seeking shade to reduce evaporative losses