causes

• physical landscape is mountainous and close to see so difficult to implement new transport systems
• governments offered tax exemption to boost car sales ( 900000 in 1992 to 2.5 million in 2012 ) more cars on road
• 25% live in favelas so conventional forms of transport are not possible to to steep hills and narrow streets
• lack of investment in public transport ( crowded and poor quality ) - services dont meet demand and poor city planning
• long commuting times as many cant afford to live where they work
• increased road accidents as -

  • lack of money kept on upkeep
  • old neglected cars likely to breakdowns
  • people not following traffic rules
• bus fare increase raised by 9% in 2014 sparking protests