acids and alkalis

• What are the three types of substances you should be able to describe by the end of the video?

  Acids, bases, and alkalis
• How does the pH scale provide information about acids and alkalis?

  The pH scale indicates the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
• What is the neutralization reaction between acids and alkalis?

  It produces a salt and water
• What is the formula of hydrochloric acid?

  HCl
• What does "aq" signify when writing the formula of an acid?

  Aqueous solution, meaning dissolved in water
• Name two other common acids besides hydrochloric acid.

  Sulfuric acid and nitric acid
• What are bases and what do they do?

  Bases are chemicals that can neutralize acids, producing a salt and water
• What are bases usually composed of?

  Metal oxides or metal hydroxides
• What distinguishes alkalis from bases?

  Alkalis are bases that are soluble in water
• Give an example of a base that is also an alkali.

  Sodium hydroxide
• What is the pH range for acids?

  0 to 6
• What pH value indicates a neutral solution?

  7
• What is the pH range for alkaline solutions?

  8 to 14
• How can the pH of a solution be determined?

  Using a pH probe or universal indicator
• What does a universal indicator do?

  It changes color depending on whether a solution is acid, alkali, or neutral
• What color does a neutral solution show with a universal indicator?

  Green
• What color indicates a very acidic solution with a universal indicator?

  Red
• What color indicates a very alkaline solution with a universal indicator?

  Purple
• What happens during the neutralization reaction between an acid and an alkali?

  The hydrogen ions react with the hydroxide ions to produce water
• What are the pH scale values for acids, neutral solutions, and alkaline solutions?

  • Acids: pH 0 to 6
  • Neutral: pH 7
  • Alkaline: pH 8 to 14
• what is the neutralisation reaction equation?

  H+ (aq)+ OH- > H2O