Cell Structure - Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells

• Examples of eukaryotic cells include: animal cells, plant cells, fungal cells and protists
• Examples of eukaryotic cells?

  Animal cells, plant cells, fungi cells and protists
• Eukaryotic cells contain: DNA within a nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuole and chloroplasts
• What do eukaryotic cells contain?

  A cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA inside of a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, vacuole, chloroplasts
• Which cell type is simpler? Eukaryotic or prokaryotic

  Prokaryotic cells
• Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus

  No. It is a single DNA loop (one chromosome) which floats freely in the cytoplasm
• Prokaryotic cells contain: a cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes and a cytoplasm
• What do prokaryotic cells contain

  A cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes and a cytoplasm
• What do prokaryotic cells not have?

  mitochondria and chloroplasts
• Plasmids are small rings of DNA that may be found in prokaryotic cells. They code for very specific features such as antibiotic resistance
• What are plasmids?

  Plasmids are small rings of DNA that may be found in prokaryotic cells. They code for very specific features such as antibiotic resistance
• Flagellum (or flagella for plural) are long protein strands on prokaryotic cells to allow movement
• What is flagellum/flagella?

  They are long protein strands on prokaryotic cells to allow movement
• Prokaryotic cells reproduce by binary fission, which is a process where one cell splits into two identical cells by copying the DNA
• How do prokaryotic cells reproduce?

  Binary fission which is when the DNA is copied then the cell splits in half
• Centi (cm) / 1cm = 0.01m / x 10^-2
• milli (mm) / 1mm = 0.001m / x 10^-3
• micro (um) / 1um = 0.000001m / x 10^-6
• nano (nm) / 1nm = 0.000000001m / x 10^-9
• Orders of magnitude:

  . are used to make approximate comparisons between number or objects

  . You can use powers of ten to show order of magnitudes
• Every order of magnitude is 10 times larger than the previous one -

  • 10x (one zero = one order of magnitude)
  • 100x (two zeros = two orders of magnitude)
  • 1000x (three zeros = three orders of magnitude)
• Rules when you have two numbers to compare:

  • if the bigger number divided by the smaller number is less than 10, then they are in the same order of magnitude
  • if the bigger number divided by the smaller number is around 10, then it is 10^1 or one order of magnitude bigger
  • if the bigger number divided by the smaller number is around 100, then it is 10^2 or two orders of magnitude bigger