genbio1.2

• Organelles are small structures within the cytoplasm that carry out functions necessary to maintain homeostasis in the cell.
• Homeostasis- A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.
• Cell Membrane semi-permeable
• Cytoplasm• Biggest part of the cell• Site of glycolysis (conversion of glucose to another form), protein and fat synthesis.
• Cytosol semifluid substance - where different organelles are suspended.
• Helps in controlling cell expansion - cell wall
• Non-living and outermost covering of a cell (plants & bacteria) - cell wall
• Made up of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. - cell wall
• May be thin or thick, multilayered structure. Thickness varies from 0-1000 A' - cell wall
• Prevents drying up (desiccation) of cells - cell wall
• Helps in controlling cell expansion - cell wall
• Protects cell from external pathogens - cell wall
• Contains the cell's chromosomes - Nucleus
• The Brain - Nucleus
• Control center of the cell because it is where most of the genetic processes take place, and it has several parts. - Nucleus
• Largest organelles - Nucleus
• Allow molecules to go in and out of the nucleus. - Nuclear pores
• nuclear pores allows large molecules pass through like;

  RNA

  Ribosomal proteins

  Carbohydrates

  Lipids
• Two layered outer limit of the nucleus separating it from the cytoplasm. - Nuclear Envelope
• separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm - nuclear envelope
• provides the structural framework of the nucleus. - nuclear envelope
• Responsible for ribosome formation and production - Nucleolus
• Chromosomes contain stretches of DNA called genes. Genes transfer the hereditary information from one generation to the next.
• Control all the cell activities like metabolism, protein synthesis, growth and cell division. - Nucleus
• Store hereditary information in genes. - Nucleus
• Membranous interconnected system of tubules which serve as the transport system - Endoplasmic reticulum
• Membrane of endoplasmic reticulum is connected to the nuclear envelope
• a network of membranes inside a cell through which proteins and other molecules move. - Endoplasmic reticulum
• Produces lipids and detoxifies the cell of certain substances. - Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Smooth ER is associated with the production and metabolism of fats and steroid hormones.
• Smooth ER functions:•Steroids plays important role in reproduction•Metabolism•Regulation*Brain activityDetoxification-removal of toxic
• Amylase is an enzyme produced primarily by the pancreas and the salivary glands to help digest carbohydrates
• It plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins. - Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Golgi body came from Camillo Golgi
• "the Golgi body appears as a series of stacked membranes"
• Golgi body - a cell organelle that helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules
• Lysosomes - a membrane-bound cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes.
• Lysosomes - break down excess or worn-out cell parts.
• lysosomes can help it to self- destruct in a process called programmed cell death or apoptosis.
• Peroxisome - are organelles that break down molecules through a process called oxidation