the slave trade

• What are the three points of the triangular trade route?


  Britain, West Africa, and the West Indies
• What are the three stages of the triangular trade?

  The Outward Passage, the Middle Passage, and the Home Passage
• How long could a voyage on the triangular trade route take?

  A year or more
• What goods were loaded in Britain during the Outward Passage?


  Manufactured goods
• What happened during the Middle Passage?


  Slaves were shipped to the West Indies and sold
• What was the purpose of the Home Passage?


  To load West Indian produce to sell when returning to Britain
• What did African rulers provide in exchange for British goods?

  Slaves
• What were the conditions like for slaves during the voyage to the West Indies?


  Terrible, with many dying
• What were the main ports involved in the slave trade?

  Bristol, Liverpool, and London
• How did the triangular trade impact the British economy?


  It involved the export of British goods to Africa and the import of produce from the Caribbean
• How much profit did Liverpool make from the trade per year?

  £300,000
• What was the effect of the slave trade on Glasgow?


  It imported over half of all tobacco into Europe
• What employment opportunities arose from the triangular trade?


  Building and equipping ships
• What was the impact of the triangular trade on Glasgow's status?


  It grew from a poor town to the 2nd city of the Empire
• What products were processed in Britain due to the slave trade?

  Tobacco and sugar
• Why was the triangular trade so profitable?


  It ensured ships carried cargo on each stage of the trade
• What did ships leave British ports loaded with for Africa?


  Manufactured goods
• How were slaves prepared for sale in America?


  They were packed onto ships to maximize profits
• What happened to profits from slave auctions?


  They were invested in sugar, coffee, cotton, and tobacco
• What was the return on a successful triangular trade voyage?

  20%
• Why did British plantation owners need African slaves?


  Most of the native population had died out
• What advantages did Africans have for plantation work?


  They were farmers familiar with tropical conditions
• How were slaves held at slave factories?


  They were often held for weeks in overcrowded conditions
• What were the conditions like in slave factories?


  Heavily fortified and overcrowded
• What happened to slaves during the transfer to slave ships?


  They were often beaten and whipped by their captors
• What diseases were common among slaves in factories?

  Malaria
• What were the conditions of the Middle Passage for slaves?


  Men were chained and packed closely together
• What was the ventilation like in the slave hold?


  There was often no ventilation
• What were the sanitation conditions like during the Middle Passage?


  There were only a few buckets for hundreds of slaves
• What diseases often broke out during the Middle Passage?

  Dysentery and smallpox
• What was the medical care like on slave ships?


  Very poor, with sick slaves often thrown overboard
• What were the effects of cheap European food on slaves?


  It made them ill, causing vomiting and diarrhea
• How were slaves punished during the Middle Passage?

  They were branded and punished with whips
• What was the purpose of forcing slaves to dance on deck?

  To give them some exercise and fresh air
• What were the conditions for female slaves during the Middle Passage?


  They were often raped and sexually abused by the crew
• Why was resistance difficult for slaves during the Middle Passage?


  They were kept in chains and below deck
• What was the role of the crew on slave ships in terms of resistance?


  They had guns and could easily suppress any resistance
• What were the methods used to sell slaves?

  They were paraded naked and inspected like animals
• What happened to families during the slave auction process?


  Families were often split up
• What were the conditions of life on a plantation for slaves?


  They had to work all day under the hot sun and were whipped