Foreign policy

• what was Henry more concerned with in terms of foreign policy


  maintaining good relations + defence

  not asserting English power in Europe
• 3 aims of foreign policy

  dynastic recognition

  national security

  defense and development of trade
• dynastic recognition

  secure acknowledgment as a legitimate European dynasty

  make England important European power

  maintain credibility as King = develop pos relations
• national security

  avoid war

  win hostilities he must take part in

  forge alliances for security

  prevent safe harbouring of pretenders and Yorkists in Europe
• criteria of dynastic recognition

  marriage alliances

  alliances with major powers

  ambassadors satisfied
• national security criteria

  no threat of invasion

  no foreign support for rivals

  no negative impacts of dealing with threats
• defence and development of trade criteria

  increase customs revenue

  new trade

  good dealings with Burgundy
• background to France and England's relationship

  -France had close proximity

  - had been rivals since 1066

  - 100 yrs war (1337-1453)
• France had how many times more resources (manpower + rev) than England


  3
• why was proximity a threat to England


  natural base for opposition
• how had Brittany helped Henry (before conquest)


  14 yrs in exile under protection of Francis II Duke of Brittany
• how had France helped Henry (before conquest)


  financed campaign against Richard III
• Brittany

  last independent area in France

  was a fiefdom of the French crown
• fiefdom


  feudal overlordship is excercised
• who was the feudal overlord of Brittany


  Duke Francis II
• when did Francis II die


  Sept 1488
• children of Duke Francis II

  Duchess Anne (couldn't rule since she was a girl)
• result of Duke Francis dying

  French eager to claim Brittany

  Henry alarmed
• why did Henry not want the French to take over the Bretons


  had sense of obligation to Bretons

  feared direct French control of Brittany would increase potential French threat to England
• when was the French invasion of Brittany

  1487
• when did Henry summon parliament to help Brittany


  1489
• why did Henry summon parliament in 1489


  to grant him extraordinary rev to raise army against French
• how much was granted in the 1489 subsidy


  £100,000 with £25,000 from church
• result of 1489 subsidy


  Yorkshire rebellion
• when was the Treaty of Redon


  Feb 1489
• treaty of Redon


  promised 6000 troops (Bretons had to finance deployment)
• who was the treaty of redon between

  Britain and Brittany
• when did Maximilian I marry Anne of Brittany by proxy

  1490
• why had Anne married Maximilian


  wanted to form allies, stop Brittany falling in French hands
• when did the Bretons accept defeat


  Dec 1491
• in surrendering to the French, what did Anne of Brittany do


  (reluctantly) married Charles VIII
• what did the marriage of Anne to Charles mean


  Brittany lost independence, Max lost interest
• how was the situation regarding Anne marrying King of France made worse

  Perkin Warbeck was seeking French support
• when did Henry launch invasion of France


  Oct 1492
• why was Henry's 1492 invasion of France strategically important

  it was late in campaigning season

  info from agents, Charles more interested in invasion of Italy, would want a quick peace settlement
• how many subsidies voted for the French invasion in 1492


  2
• how many troops did the 2 subsidies pay for


  26,000
• how much did Henry gain through benevolences for his invasion of France


  £48,500
• when was the Treaty of Etaples

  Nov 1492
• who was the Treaty of Etaples between

  England and France