learning approaches

• what is the behaviorist approach ?

  learning through association
• what was the procedure of pavlovs study ?

  experiment on dogs :

  • bell rung - saliva measured
  • food presented - saliva measured
  • bell + food ( repeated ) - saliva measured
  • bell + no food - saliva measured
  • found you could condition dogs to salivate
• what did pavlovs study determine ?

  theories of laws of learning

  therapies for treatments of phobias
• what is classical conditioning ?

  learning via association
• what is operant conditioning ?

  learning through rewards and punishments
• what is positive reinforcement ?

  effect of increasing frequency of behavior by using consequences that are positive when they happen e.g. sweets for doing homework
• what is negative reinforcement ?

  taking away something negative for desired behavior e.g. leaving lessons early
• what is punishment ?

  effect of decreasing frequency of behavior using consequences that are unpleasant
• what was the procedure of skinners study ?

  experiment on rats pushing a lever :

  positive - rewarded w food

  negative - turn off the electric shocks
• what is the evaluation of the behaviorist approach ?

  research support - skinners box , little albert

  relies heavily on animal studies

  real life application

  doesn't account for biological factors
• what is social learning theory ?

  learning through observation
• what are the steps of social learning theory ?

  observation , imitation , identification , modelling , vicarious reinforcement
• who are we most likely to imitate ?

  same sex , similar age or older , higher status , friendly , likeable
• what are the steps of the mediational process ?

  attention , retention , motor reproduction , motivation
• what are the definitions of each step ?

  attention - extent to which we notice

  retention - how well behavior is remembered

  motor reproduction - ability to perform behavior

  motivation - will to perform behavior
• what is the aim of banduras bobo doll experiment ?

  to investigate wether children learn aggression through observation
• what was the procedure of banduras bobo doll experiment ?

  lab experiment , 3 groups of children

  condition one - aggressive model

  condition two - non-aggressive model

  condition three - control group
• what is the evaluation of social learning theory ?

  research support from banduras study

  lab experiment

  underestimates influence of biological factors