Secondary victims

• 1. Define psychiatric injury
• The test for secondary victims is the Alcock test
• 2. Are there close ties of love and affection between the victim and claimant
• 4. Did the claimant witness the accident with their own unaided senses
• 5. Was the shock sudden
• 6. Is the injury reasonably foreseeable and would a person of reasonable fortitude have suffered the same way
• 3. Was the claimant proximate in time and space of the accident or its immediate aftermath
• 6. Did D breach his DOC
• 7. Did the DOC cause damage
• 8. Are there any defences for the defendant
• 9. Is there a remedy for the claimant/victim