research methods

• Operationalisation: making sure the variables are clear and how you would use it in a study. 

  è Includes a unit of measurement 
• Establish cause and effect: the relationship between the independent variable and dependant variable

  è We are establishing the cause and effect  
• Independent measures= participants take part in one condition.

  Repeated measures= participants take part in all conditions. 

  Matched pairs design= participants take part in one condition, but the groups are matched on important characteristics. 
• Experimental designs refer to how the participants are allocated to the different conditions (or IV groups) in an experiment. 
• Order effects

  Order effects= the order of which participants do tasks affects the results. 

  Order affects reduce validity because they stop our affects in accurately measuring the IV and the DV. 

  Examples of order effects=. Fatigue, boredom, practice 

  Counterbalancing we used a repeated measures design in which all of the participants first learned words in loud noise and then learned it in no noise.