Physics and chemistry

    Cards (22)

    • Work done = force x distance moved
    • What does voltage measure in an electrical circuit?
      The difference in electric potential energy between two points
    • Why is voltage considered the driving force in a circuit?
      It causes electric charges to flow
    • What does 1 volt equal in terms of joules and coulombs?
      1 volt = 1 joule per coulomb (J/C)
    • What is Ohm's law?
      The relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) is described by V=V =I×R I \times R
    • What forces are responsible for the structure of ionic compounds?
      Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions
    • What are conductors and insulators?
      Conductors have high conductivity (e.g., metals), while insulators have low conductivity (e.g., rubber)
    • How is conductivity measured?

      In Siemens per meter (S/m)
    • Why is copper considered an excellent conductor?
      Because it has free electrons that can move easily
    • What is the effect of diluting an aqueous NaCl solution on its electrical conductivity?
      It would decrease the conductivity due to lower ion concentration
    • What occurs during the dissociation of ionic compounds in water?
      Ionic compounds break apart into ions
    • What is the role of impurities in the conductivity of materials?
      Impurities can sometimes provide additional charge carriers
    • Why do aqueous ionic solutions have high electrical conductivity?

      Because dissolved ions can move freely in the solution
    • How does hydration affect ionic compounds in aqueous solutions?

      Water molecules surround and separate the ions
    • What is the definition of electrical resistance?
      Electrical resistance is a measure of how much a material opposes the flow of electric current through it.
    • What effect does resistance have on the flow of electrons?
      Resistance slows down the flow of electrons.
    • What happens to electrical energy when resistance is present?
      It converts electrical energy into other forms, usually heat.
    • What is Ohm's law?
      Ohm's law describes the relationship between voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) as V=V =IR I \cdot R.
    • What factors affect the resistance in a conductor?
      Length, cross-sectional area, material, and temperature affect resistance.
    • How does temperature affect resistance in most materials?
      Resistance increases with temperature for most materials.
    • What are common prefixes for larger or smaller resistances?
      Kilohm (kΩ), megohm (), and milliohm ().
    • What are the formulas for calculating total resistance in series and parallel circuits?
      - Series: Rtotal=R_{total} =R1+ R_1 +R2+ R_2 +R3+ R_3 + \ldots - Parallel: 1Rtotal=\frac{1}{R_{\text{total}}} =1R1+ \frac{1}{R_1} +1R2 \frac{1}{R_2}
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