Programming fundamentals

• What is the term used to refer to data in programs?

  Values
• What is a variable in programming?

  A variable is a named memory address that holds a value.
• How does the value of a variable behave during program execution?

  The value held in a variable can change as the program is running.
• What is the name given to a variable's name?

  Identifier
• What is the process of identifying a variable before assigning a value to it called?

  Declaring a variable
• What is the first rule for naming a variable?

  A variable name must start with a letter.
• What does the declaration "score as integer" signify?

  It declares a variable called score that will hold integer values.
• What must a variable name contain at least one of?

  It must contain at least one letter at the start of the name.
• What is the term for giving a variable a value?

  Assignment
• Which characters are not allowed in a variable name?

  Special characters such as !@£$%&* or punctuation characters.
• What are the three basic programming constructs?

  Sequence, selection, and iteration
• If you want to assign the value 0 to the variable score, what would the code look like?

  Score = 0
• Can underscores be used in variable names?

  Yes, an underscore can be used in variable names.
• What is the purpose of programming constructs in programs?

  They form the basis for all programs
• What does sequence refer to in programming constructs?

  The order in which instructions occur and are processed
• How does selection affect a program during execution?

  It determines which path a program takes when it is running
• What is iteration in programming?

  The repeated execution of a section of code when a program is running
• What are the two types of iteration in programming?

  • Count-controlled iteration
  • Condition-controlled iteration
• How do some programming languages like Python handle variable declaration and assignment?


  They allow variables to be declared and assigned a value in the same line of code.
• Why do longer and more complex programs use programming constructs repeatedly?

  Because they require more structured control over the flow of execution
• Are spaces allowed in variable names?

  No, spaces are not allowed in variable names.
• How do programming constructs contribute to the complexity of a program?

  They increase the structure and control of the program's execution flow
• What is a constant in programming?

  A constant allows a value to be assigned a name that cannot be changed while the program is running.
• What is the preferred case for letters in variable names?

  Lowercase letters are preferred, but uppercase letters can be used for multi-word names.
• Why are constants useful in programming?

  They are declared and assigned once but can be referred to multiple times throughout the program.
• Why should a variable name be meaningful?

  It should represent the value it is holding.
• What is the first programming construct mentioned in the study material?

  Sequence
• What is an example of a constant declaration?

  const PI = 3.142
• How are statements executed in a sequence?

  Statements are executed one after another.
• How do constants differ from variables in terms of naming conventions?

  Constants usually follow the same naming conventions as variables but are typically in uppercase.
• What does the term 'sequence' refer to in programming?

  It refers to the order in which the statements are executed.
• Why is the sequence of a program important?

  Because carrying out instructions in the wrong order leads to a program performing incorrectly.
• What is a global variable?

  A global variable is one that can be accessed and changed throughout the program.
• How does a programmer declare a global variable?

  By using the keyword 'global' before the variable name.
• What is an example of declaring a global variable?

  global ID = 75
• What are local variables confined to?

  A loop or subprogram
• What is the second programming construct mentioned in the study material?

  Selection
• What is an advantage of using local variables?


  They allow the same variable names to be used for different purposes in different scopes.
• What does selection in programming refer to?

  Selection refers to the process of making a decision.
• What is the third programming construct mentioned in the study material?

  Iteration