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Issues and Debates in Psychology
cultural bias
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Created by
Maryama Hayte
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Cards (21)
What is Ethnocentrism?
it’s the belief in the superiority of one's own cultural group.
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How does cultural bias affect the study of human behavior?
It leads to
assumptions
based on the
norms
of a dominant culture, often
misrepresenting
other cultures.
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What does the acronym WEIRD stand for in psychological research?
Westernized
,
Educated
,
Industrialized
,
Rich Democracies
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What percentage of research participants in psychology studies come from the United States according to Joseph Hervich et al (201a)?
68%
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What is the implication of having a strong cultural bias in psychological research?
It suggests that findings may not be
applicable
to
non-WEIRD
populations.
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How does ethnocentrism manifest in psychological research?
It leads researchers to view behaviors from their own
cultural
perspective, often labeling others as
abnormal.
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What was the criticism of Mary Ainsworth and Silvia Bell's Strange Situation study?
It reflected only the
norms
and
values
of
Western
culture.
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What did Takahashi (1986) find regarding Japanese infants in the context of attachment?
Japanese infants were more likely to be classified as
insecurely
attached due to their distress on
separation.
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What is the difference between etic and emic approaches in psychology?
An etic approach looks at behavior from
outside
a culture, while an emic approach studies behavior from
within
a culture.
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How can imposed etics affect the understanding of attachment types?
They can lead to
misinterpretations
of
attachment
behaviors across different
cultures.
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What does John Berry argue regarding imposed etics in psychology?
He argues that psychology often assumes
theories
and
concepts
are
universal
when they are based on
emic
research from a
single
culture.
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Why is cultural relativism important in psychological research?
It helps researchers recognize that findings may only be
applicable
within the
cultural
context they were
discovered.
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What limitation is associated with cultural bias in intelligence testing according to Richard Brislin (1976)?
It assumes that intelligence tests are
universally applicable
across different
cultures.
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How do individualist and collectivist cultures differ in their approach to behavior?
Individualist cultures emphasize
personal achievement
, while collectivist cultures prioritize
group harmony.
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What is one strength of incorporating cultural perspectives in psychological research?
It provides a more
comprehensive
understanding of human
behavior
across different
contexts.
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What is one limitation of ethnocentric intelligence testing as mentioned in the study material?
It assumes that intelligence is
measured
the same way across different
cultural
groups.
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How can cultural bias in definitions of abnormality affect psychological assessments?
It can lead to
misdiagnosis
of
individuals
from different
cultural
backgrounds.
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What is the relationship between cultural bias and the understanding of human behavior?
Cultural bias can
distort
the understanding of human behavior by imposing one culture's
norms
on others.
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What is the significance of recognizing cultural relativism in psychological research?
It helps
avoid
cultural bias and promotes a more
accurate
understanding of
diverse
behaviors.
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What are the implications of cultural bias in psychological research?
Misinterpretation
of behaviors from non-WEIRD cultures
Overgeneralization
of findings based on WEIRD populations
Potential for
labeling
non-Western behaviors as
abnormal
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of using etic and emic approaches in psychology?
Strengths:
Etic
: Provides a
broad
perspective on human behavior
Emic
: Offers
insights
specific to cultural contexts
Weaknesses:
Etic
: May
overlook
cultural nuances
Emic
: Can lead to
overgeneralization
within a culture
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