ANIMAL TISSUE

Cards (33)

  • TISSUE
    ● A group of cells with similar structure and function
    ● Can be classified into 4 types (animals) and 3 types (plants)
    ● Changes in tissues result in development, growth, trauma, or disease
  • ANIMAL TISSUE
    • EPITHELIAL TISSUE
    • CONNECTIVE TISSUE
    • MUSCLE TISSUE
    • NERVOUS TISSUE
    A) NERVOUS TISSUE
    B) EPITHELIAL TISSUE
    C) MUSCLE TISSUE
    D) CONNECTIVE TISSUE
  • EPITHELIAL TISSUE
    ● Lines the body surface (internal and external) ● Covers the internal and external surface of the body
    ● Can be classified according to the number of cellular layers present
    ● Can be classified according to its cellular shape
    ● Has two distinct surfaces: the basal and free surface
    ● Forms the glands of the body
  • CONNECTIVE TISSUE
    ● Found throughout the body and is responsible for connecting the tissues
    ● Composed of large amounts of extracellular materials (matrix)
    ● Usually formed by different protein fibers (collagen, reticular, and elastic)
    ● Can be classified into three: connective tissue proper, supporting connective tissue, and fluid connective tissue
  • MUSCLE TISSUE
    ● Enables body movement and contractions
  • NERVOUS TISSUE
    ● Responsible for cell to cell communication and response to stimulus
  • EPITHELIAL TISSUES ACCORDING TO CELL SHAPE
    • SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA
    • CUBOIDAL EPITHELIA
    • COLUMNAR EPITHELIA
  • SQUAMOUS EPITHELIA
    ● Composed of flat shaped cells
    ● Connected closely via gap junctions
    ● Specialized for diffusion, secretions, and protection
    ● Usually found on blood vessels, alveoli, and capillaries
    A) FREE SURFACE
    B) NUCLEUS
    C) BASEMENT MEMBERANE
    D) simple squamous epithelial cells
  • CUBOIDAL EPITHELIA
    ● Composed of cube shaped cells with a large, spherical nuclei
    ● Usually arranged in a circular manner
    ● Specialized for secretions and absorption
    ● Usually found in kidney tubules, ducts, and the secretory layer of glands
    A) FREE SURFACE
    B) NUCLEUS
    C) BASEMENT MEMBRANE
    D) simple cuboidal epithelial cells
  • COLUMNAR EPITHELIAL
    ● Composed of tall shaped cells with oval nuclei
    ● May contain mucus-secreting cells and cilia
    ● Specialized for absorption and secretions of mucus and enzyme
    ● Usually found in the lining of the digestive system
    A) FREE SURFACE
    B) GOBLET CELL CONTAINING MUCUS
    C) NUCLEUS
    D) simple columnar epithelial cells
    E) BASEMENT MEMBERANE
  • EPITHELIAL TISSUES ACCORDING TO LAYERS
    • SIMPLE EPITHELIAL - single
    • STRATIFIED EPITHELIAL - multiple
    • PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIAL
    • TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL
  • PSEUDOSTRATIFIED EPITHELIA
    ● Composed of a single layer of cells with varying height
    ● The nucleus of individual cells are found in different levels
    ● May contain mucus secreting cells and cilia
    ● Specialized for the secretion of mucus
    ● Usually found in the lining of the upper respiratory tract
    A) CILLIA
    B) FREE SURFACE
    C) GOBLET CELL CONTAINING MUCUS
    D) PsEudostratified epithelial
    E) NUCLEUS
    F) BASEMENT MEMBERANE
  • TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIAL
    ● Composed of multiple layers of cells
    ● The cellular shape will be dependent on the presence of fluids in the system
    ● Specialized for the protection of the underlying cells
    ● Usually found in the lining of the urinary bladder, ureter, and superior urethra
  • CLASSIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
    • Connective Tissue Proper
    • Lose Connective Tissue (Areolar, Adipose, Reticular)
    • Dense Connective Tissue (Dense Regular, Dense Irregular)
    • Supporting Connective Tissue
    • Cartilage (Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, Elastic Cartilage)
    • Bone (Spongy and Compact bone)
    • Fluid Connective Tissue
    • Blood
    • Hemopoietic Tissue (Red and Yellow Marrow)
  • RETICULAR TISSUE - Provides structural support and protection to organs and tissues.
    A) LEUKOCYES
    B) RETICULAR FIBERS
    C) LYMPH NODES
    D) SPLEEN
  • AREOLAR TISSUE
    A) NUCLEUS
    B) elastic fibres
    C) collagen fibres
    D) epidermis
    E) DERMIS
    F) loose connective tissue
    G) FAT
  • ADIPOSE TISSUE - fatty tissue that surrounds and protects the organs
    A) NUCLEUS
    B) ADIPOCYTES
    C) ADIPOSE TISSUE
    D) MAMMARY GLAND
  • DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
    A) collagen fibres
  • HYALINE CARTILAGE
    A) MATRIX
    B) chrondocyte IN LACUNA
    C) NUCLEUS
    D) hyaline cartilage
  • FIBROCARTILAGE
    ANO TOH
    A) chrondocyte IN LACUNA
    B) NUCLEUS
    C) collagen fibres IN MATRIX
    D) INTERVETEBRAL DISK
  • ELASTIC CARTILAGE
    A) elastic fibres IN MATRIX
    B) chrondocyte IN LACUNA
    C) NUCLEUS
  • BLOOD TISSUE
    • Composed of a hard and bony matrix
    • Cellular components are termed as osteo
    connected to a suffix which is related to its function (-cyte, -blast, or –clast)
    ● The matrix is usually mineralized The mineralization of the matrix is the basis for its strength and rigidity
    ● Located in all of the bones of the body
    A) lacuna
    B) CENTRAL CANAL
    C) spongy bone
    D) compact bone
  • BLOOD TISSUE
    • Composed of a liquid matrix
    • Can be classified into three cellular components: erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
    • Responsible for transportation and protection
    • Located inside the blood vessels
  • BLOOD TISSUE
    • Erythrocyte (RED BLOOD CELLS)
    • Usually appears as a biconcave disc under the microscope
    • The cells are anucleated and lacks cell organelles
    • Contains the protein hemoglobin
    • Needed for the transportation of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other nutrients needed by the cells
  • BLOOD TISSUE
    • LEUKOCYTES (WHITE BLOOD CELLS)
    • May be classified as the granulocytes and the agranulocytes
    • Can be classified into five different cells
    • Unlike the erythrocytes, it contains a nucleus which is very evident under the microscope
    • Responsible for protecting the body from invasions and infections
  • BLOOD TISSUE
    • THROMBOCYTES (PLATELETS)
    • The smallest blood cell present in the body
    • Similar to the erythrocytes, they are also anucleated
    • Usually last about 7-10 days inside the body of the organism
    • Required in the response and repair to injured tissues and is mainly responsible for the clotting of the blood
  • BLOOD TISSUE
    A) monocytes
    B) lymphocytes
    C) neutrophil
    D) eosinophil
    E) basophil
    F) macrophage
    G) erythrocytes
    H) platelets
  • MUSCLE TISSUE
    ● Has the ability to contract or shorten● Enables the movement of the body
    ● The length of the cells present is usually greater than its diameter
    ● Also called as fibers as it resembles tiny threads
    ● Can be classified according to its movement: voluntary or involuntary
  • MUSCLE TISSUE
    • SKELETAL MUSCLE
    • CARDIAC MUSCLE
    • SMOOTH MUSCLE
  • MUSCLE TISSUE (SKELETAL MUSCLE)
    ● Has the ability to contract or shorten● Enables the movement of the body
    ● The length of the cells present is usually greater than its diameter
    ● Also called as fibers as it resembles tiny threads
    ● Can be classified according to its movement:
    A) NUCLEUS
    B) striations
  • MUSCLE TISSUE (CARDIAC MUSCLE)
    ● Exhibits a voluntary movement
    ● Cells present are usually long and cylindrical with multiple nuclei located at the edges of the cell
    ● Has the presence of striations due to the arrangement of the different muscle proteins
    ● Usually found attached to the bones of the body which enables body movement
    A) NUCLEUS
    B) striations
    C) intercalated disc
  • MUSCLE TISSUE (SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE)
    ● Exhibits an involuntary movement and lacks striations
    ● Individual cells are mononucleated and are small with tapering ends
    ● It is primarily responsible for the regulation of the size of organs
    ● Usually found in hollow internal organs (the digestive system)
    A) NUCLEUS
  • NERVOUS TISSUE
    ● Composed to two cells: the nerve cell and the glial cells
    ● The nerve cells do not undergo cell division
    ● Allows the organism to preserve memories It coordinates and controls different body activities
    ● Found in the brain, spinal cord, and the nerves
    A) dendrite
    B) cell body of neuron
    C) NUCLEUS of neuron
    D) neuroglia
    E) axon