The nervous and endocrine system

• the peripheral nervous system consists of the somatic nervous system and the

  autonomic nervous system (which consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic)
• the fight or flight response occurs due to the triggering of the sympathetic nervous system. the pituitary gland releases acth which causes the adrenal gland to produce adrenaline
• the central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord and passes information to and from the brain, connecting nerves to the peripheral nervous system
• the autonomic nervous system controls vital functions in the body such as breathing, heart rate, digestion and stress responses. it has two main divisions -the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
• the somatic nervous system controls muscle movement (voluntary movements) and receives information from sensory receptors
• hormones produced in the endocrine system are secreted into the bloodstream, affecting any cell in the body that has a receptor for that particular hormone
• the thyroid gland produces thyroxine which affects cells in the heart and also affects metabolic rates within the body
• the human nervous system

  A) autonomic

  B) somatic

  C) sympathetic

  D) parasympathetic

  
• stress responses involve both the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems

  • a stressor is perceived
  • the hypothalamus triggers the changing of the autonomic nervous system from its parasympathetic state to its sympathetic state
  • the stress hormone adrenaline is then released from the adrenal medulla in the adrenal gland
  • adrenaline causes physiological changes in the body necessary for the fight or flight response
  • once the threat has passed, the parasympathetic nervous system returns the body to its resting parasympathetic state
• changes associated with the sympathetic and parasympathetic responses

  A) dilates

  B) constricts

  C) inhibits

  D) stimulates

  E) inhibits

  F) stimulates