Behaviourist approach

• Classical Conditioning


  Ivan Pavlov's dogs learned to associate bell sound with food, causing salivation
• Punishment is adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behaviour
• Two types of conditioning

  classical conditioning

  Operant conditioning
• What is classical conditioning?

  process by which learning occurs through association.
• what is unconditioned stimulus?

  a stimulus which automatically triggers a response.
• What is unconditioned response?

  An automatic and involuntary response to a stimulus.
• What is neutral stimulus?


  A stimulus that doesn’t produce a specific reaction.
• what is conditioned stimulus?

  neutral stimulus combined with the unconditioned stimulus.
• What is conditioned response?

  Learned response
• What is a stimulus?

  any change in the enviroment that an organism registers.
• What is a response?

  Any behaviour that the organism releases because of a stimulus.
• What is operant conditioning?

  form of learning in which behaviour is shaped and controlled by consequences such as: positive and negative reinforcement or punishment.
• Positive reinforcement is receiving a reward when a behaviour is performed.
• Negative Reinforcement occurs when something unpleasant is avoided which increases the desired behaviour
• Example of negative reinforcement : Moana has migraine issues. She always takes Panadol as soon as her head hurts to avoid a migraine.
• Punishment is adding an undesirable stimulus to decrease a behavior.
• what is behaviourist approach?

  focuses on the idea that all behaviours are learned through interactions with the environment.
• What do behaviourists rely on?

  using lab experiments to maintain control and objectivity.
• John Watson rejected introspection in 1913 and instead used behaviourism to study human behaviour.
• Why did Watson reject introspection?


  Because it was too vague and difficult to measure.