Childhood

• What was Pilcher‘s idea of separateness? 


  Pilcher said that childhood is seen as a clear and distinctive life stage in which children occupy a different status to adults.
• What did James and Prout say about childhood? 


  That children are simple and amoral, see the world in black and white where adults are more complex and have the ability to make difficult decisions.
• What is the dominant framework for childhood?

  Children are opposites of adults, children are seen as what they will become later, and children are regarded as the primitive stage of development.
• What are the evaluation points of the dominant framework of childhood? 


  Childhood is not universal, other cultures childhood is different e.g they go to work.
• What is the march of progress view on whether childhood has Improved?


  The MOP argues that , over the past few years, the position of children in western societies has been steadily improving and today is better than ever- this is supported by Aries theory of historical relativity.
• What is the “golden age” of childhood?

  That childhood is the time of happiness and innocence.
• How do children in western societies today differ from adults?

  Children in western societies today are defined as vulnerable and unable to fend for themselves, and they are largely excluded from paid work.
• What should students do upon entering the classroom?

  Take their seat and work hard
• What is the first task students should complete in class?

  Complete the Do It Now task
• What is the title of the lesson on December 10, 2023?

  Childhood as a social construct
• What does Pilcher (1995) note about childhood?

  Childhood is seen as a separate life stage
• How are children viewed in modern western society?

  As vulnerable and in need of protection
• What is a key feature of childhood according to Pilcher?

  Separateness
• What does the term 'golden age' refer to in childhood?

  Childhood is a time of happiness and innocence
• How do laws reflect the notion of childhood?

  They regulate children's activities and rights
• What do different clothes for adults and children signify?

  They highlight the separateness of childhood
• How do James and Prout describe children?

  As simple and amoral, focusing on their needs
• What is the dominant framework regarding children in society?

  Children are opposites of adults
• How is childhood viewed in different societies?

  It is not universal and varies across cultures
• What does Wagg (1992) argue about childhood?

  Childhood is socially constructed
• What does cultural relativity imply about childhood?

  Experiences of childhood differ between cultures
• What did Benedict (1934) find about children in non-industrial societies?

  They take responsibility at an early age
• How is children's obedience viewed in Tikopia according to Firth (1970)?

  Obedience to adults is optional
• What did Malinowski (1957) observe about children's sexual exploration?

  Adults tolerated and found it amusing
• What should students do upon entering the classroom?

  Take their seat and work hard
• What is the first task students should complete in class?

  Complete the Do It Now task
• What date is mentioned in the study material?

  19 December 2023
• What is the title of the lesson mentioned?

  Childhood is a social construct – Historical relativity
• What did Holmes (1974) find in Samoan villages regarding children's tasks?

  Being 'too young' was not an excuse
• How were children viewed in the IK tribe during famine?

  As a drain on resources
• What should students outline regarding childhood?

  Characteristics of the modern western notion of childhood
• What does the term 'social construction' mean in this context?

  Created by societies, not natural phenomena
• Who argued that childhood is a distinct life stage?

  Aries
• How has western childhood become globalized?

  Through international humanitarian agencies imposing norms
• What is the impact of globalization on childhood?

  It creates interconnectedness and shared norms
• How does Benedict view childhood in non-industrial societies?

  It differs from western societies
• What should students do regarding Bolivia's decision to legalize child labor?

  Explain the reaction and its implications
• What is expected of students at the end of the lesson?

  Leave looking smart and be on time
• What are the three points Benedict makes about childhood?

  Specific points not provided in the text
• What are the 7 steps to a high-quality presentation?

  Follow the guidelines for effective presentations