sensory receptors

• There are two types of sensations: exteroception (from external sources) and interoception (from internal organs).
• What are sensory receptors?


  Dendrites of sensory neurons specialized for receiving specific kinds of stimuli
• What are the two classifications of sensory receptors based on complexity?

  • General Sense Organs
  • Unencapsulated (free/naked) nerve endings
  • Encapsulated nerve endings
  • Special Sense Organs
  • Eyes, nose, ears, taste buds
• What are unencapsulated nerve endings?


  Dendrites whose terminal ends have little or no physical specialization
• What are encapsulated nerve endings?


  Dendrites whose terminal ends are enclosed in a capsule of connective tissue
• What are the special sense organs and their functions?

  • Eyes: vision
  • Nose: smell
  • Ears: hearing and equilibrium
  • Taste buds: taste
• What are the classifications of sensory receptors by location?

  • Exteroceptors: sensitive to external stimuli
  • Interoceptors (visceroceptors): respond to internal stimuli from visceral organs
  • Proprioceptors: provide information about body position and physical conditions
• What do exteroceptors respond to?


  Stimuli occurring outside or on the surface of the body
• What do interoceptors respond to?


  Stimuli in the body from visceral organs and blood vessels
• Where are proprioceptors located?


  In skeletal muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joints
• What are the types of stimuli detected by sensory receptors?

  • Mechanoreceptors: respond to physical force
  • Photoreceptors: respond to light
  • Thermoreceptors: respond to temperature changes
  • Chemoreceptors: respond to dissolved chemicals
  • Nociceptors: respond to tissue damage
• What do mechanoreceptors respond to?

  Physical force such as pressure and stretch
• What do photoreceptors respond to?

  Light
• What do thermoreceptors respond to?

  Temperature changes
• What do chemoreceptors respond to?

  Dissolved chemicals
• What do nociceptors respond to?

  A variety of stimuli associated with tissue damage
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