ENDOCRINE

• What are the general functions of the endocrine system?

  Communication and control
• How does the endocrine system provide control compared to the nervous system?

  It provides slower but longer-lasting control by way of hormones
• What are the organs of the endocrine system classified as?

  Glands
• Are all glands considered organs of the endocrine system?

  No, not all glands are organs of the endocrine system
• What are the two types of glands mentioned in the study material?

  Exocrine and endocrine glands
• What is the primary function of exocrine glands?

  To secrete their products into ducts that empty onto a surface or into a cavity
• How do endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands?


  Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones into intercellular spaces
• What happens to hormones after they are secreted by endocrine glands?

  They diffuse directly into the blood and are carried throughout the body
• What is a target cell?

  A cell that has specific receptors for a hormone
• What role do hormones play in the body?

  They modify cellular functions of target cells
• How are hormones classified chemically?

  As amino acid-based or steroids
• What is the solubility characteristic of amino acid-based hormones?

  They are usually soluble and cannot cross the plasma membrane
• What are steroids synthesized from?

  Cholesterol
• What is a key characteristic of steroid hormones?

  They are all lipid soluble and can cross the plasma membrane
• What are the major processes controlled and integrated by hormones?

  • Reproduction
  • Growth and development
  • Maintenance of electrolyte, water, and nutrient balance of the blood
  • Regulation of cellular metabolism and energy balance
• How do hormones affect target cells in terms of distribution?

  Target cells may be many or few, widely distributed or localized, and nearby or distant from the hormone source
• What is the primary function of hormones in the body?

  To modify cellular functions of target cells