relationships

• How many participants were selected for the study?

  37 participants.
• What was the total number of participants across all countries?

  10,047 participants.
• What was the mean age of participants?

  23 years.
• How was data collected in the study?

  Through questionnaires mailed to participants in each country.
• What were the two parts of the questionnaire focused on?

  Part 1 focused on demographics and Part 2 on mate preferences.
• What did Part 3 of the questionnaire assess?

  It assessed the importance of 18 characteristics for male mate selection.
• What was a significant finding regarding age preferences in males and females?

  Females preferred males who were approximately 2.66 years older.
• What did the study find about females' valuation of financial prospects?

  Females valued good financial prospects more than males did.
• How do the findings relate to evolutionary theory?

  They suggest that women choose men who can provide resources, while men choose women based on reproductive capacity.
• How many different cultures were included in the sample?

  37 different cultures.
• What does the use of two different questionnaires indicate about the study?

  It shows the potential inconsistencies in sampling methods.
• What are the limitations mentioned regarding questionnaire responses?

  Responses may not reflect real-life choices and could be socially acceptable answers.
• What did Pagel & Boamer believe about individuals without parasites?

  Individuals without parasites have clear skin, which advertises their health and makes them more attractive to sexual partners.
• What did Thornhill & Thornhill (1973) propose about individuals lacking preserved characteristics?

  They proposed that individuals lacking preserved characteristics won't be selected to mate and therefore won't pass on their genes.
• What factors are related to preserved characteristics in mate selection?

  1. Reproductive value
  2. Paternity probability
  3. Parental investment
• What is maternal deprivation?

  Materal deprivation is the lack of adequate nurturing for a young animal or child due to the absence or neglect by its mother or primary caregiver.
• What are the effects of maternal deprivation on development?

  It negatively affects an individual's early behavioral, physical, social, and emotional development.
• What is monotropic attachment according to Bowlby?


  Monotropic attachment is the idea that we form an evolutionary-based attachment to one primary caregiver.
• Why is monotropic attachment important in an infant's development?

  It is considered an innate process that is incredibly important for development.
• What research supports the idea that women and men have different preferences when dating?

  Waynforth and Dunbar (1995) conducted lonely hearts research.
• What did Waynforth and Dunbar (1995) find regarding women's and men's dating preferences?

  Women tended to offer physical attractiveness, while men offered resources.
• What do women seek in men according to Waynforth and Dunbar (1995)?

  Women sought men with resources.
• What do men seek in women according to Waynforth and Dunbar (1995)?

  Men sought women who were young and attractive.
• What is the research support for intersexual selection?

  Clark and Hatfield (1989) conducted a study on campus.
• What was the outcome of Clark and Hatfield's (1989) study on sexual selection?

  0 females said yes to going to bed, while 75% of males said yes.
• What is the sexy son hypothesis or runaway process?

  It suggests that females mate with males with certain traits, leading to sons inheriting those traits.
• What is the ideal waist-hip ratio according to research?

  0.7
• How does the ideal waist-hip ratio support sexual selection theory?

  A waist-hip ratio of 0.7 indicates fertility and that a woman is not pregnant.
• What is one limitation of Buss' survey study on intra-sexual selection?

  Self-report means the validity of the answers can be questioned.
• What is anisogamy?

  Anisogamy is the difference between male and female sex cells.
• How do sperm and eggs differ in terms of anisogamy?

  Sperm are small and produced in high numbers, while eggs require more energy to produce and are limited.
• What is the male mating strategy?

  Males engage in intra-sexual selection and are aggressive to compete with other males.
• What do males prefer in females according to their mating behavior?

  Males prefer youthful and fertile women as signs of fertility.
• What is intra-sexual selection?

  A mating strategy concerned with quantity over quality, focusing on reproducing as frequently as possible.
• What is the research support for intra-sexual selection?

  Buss (1989) surveyed 10,000 adults in 33 countries.
• What did Buss (1989) find regarding male and female preferences?

  Females placed greater value on resource-related characteristics than males, while males valued physical attractiveness and youth more than females.
• What is the female mating strategy?

  Females engage in inter-sexual selection and are choosy about males with markers of fitness.
• What is one limitation of sexual selection theory?

  It does not explain the existence of homosexuality.
• What is inter-sexual selection?

  A mating strategy concerned more with quality than quantity, focusing on making the best choice of partner.
• What did Dunbar and Waynforth's 1995 study reveal about male and female preferences?

  Males prefer youth, while females prefer status