diffusion etc.

• What is diffusion?

  Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• What happens to molecules when they are left alone?

  They move about randomly and spread out over time.
• How does the concept of net movement relate to diffusion?

  Net movement refers to the overall movement of all particles considered together as a group.
• Can diffusion occur in both gases and liquids?

  Yes, diffusion can happen in both gases and liquids.
• What is an example of diffusion in gases?

  Spraying perfume in a room.
• What is an example of diffusion in liquids?

  Adding food coloring to a beaker of water.
• What type of membranes allow diffusion to occur?

  Partially permeable membranes.
• What types of molecules can generally diffuse through cell membranes?

  Generally, only very small molecules like water, glucose, and amino acids can diffuse through.
• Why can't larger molecules diffuse through cell membranes?

  Because they are too big to fit through the membrane.
• Is diffusion an active or passive process?

  Diffusion is a passive process.
• What is the first factor that affects the rate of diffusion?

  The concentration gradient.
• How does a larger concentration gradient affect the rate of diffusion?

  The larger the concentration gradient, the higher the rate of diffusion.
• What is the second factor that affects the rate of diffusion?

  Temperature.
• How does temperature affect the rate of diffusion?

  Higher temperatures give particles more energy, causing them to move faster and diffuse more quickly.
• What is the third factor that affects the rate of diffusion?

  Surface area.
• How does surface area influence the rate of diffusion?

  The larger the surface area, the higher the rate of diffusion.
• What are the three factors that affect the rate of diffusion?

  • Concentration gradient
  • Temperature
  • Surface area
• What is the process of diffusion?

  • Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration
  • Random motion of particles leads to spreading out
  • Can occur in gases and liquids
• What is the significance of partially permeable membranes in diffusion?

  • Allow only certain molecules to pass
  • Small molecules like water, glucose, and amino acids can diffuse
  • Larger molecules like proteins and starch cannot diffuse
• What is the difference between active and passive processes in the context of diffusion?

  • Diffusion is a passive process (no energy required)
  • Active processes require energy to move substances against a concentration gradient
• What is diffusion?

  Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
• How do oxygen and glucose molecules move into a cell?

  They diffuse down their concentration gradient into the cell.
• What is osmosis?

  Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
• What does the term "water concentration" refer to?

  Water concentration refers to the amount of water compared to other dissolved molecules like sugars or salts.
• What are solutes?

  Solutes are the molecules like sugars or salts that are dissolved in water.
• How does the concentration of solutes affect water concentration in a solution?

  • Higher solute concentration means lower water concentration.
  • Lower solute concentration means higher water concentration.
  • It's the proportion of water to solutes that determines concentration, not the volume of water.
• In the example with two beakers, which beaker has a higher concentration of solutes?

  The beaker on the right has a higher concentration of solutes because it has three solute particles compared to one in the left beaker.
• What happens to water concentration when solute particles are added to a beaker of water?

  The water concentration decreases as the solute concentration increases.
• How does osmosis apply to cells?

  • Water particles diffuse from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
  • Inside the cell has a lower water concentration compared to the outside when there are fewer solutes outside.
  • This movement of water into the cell is called osmosis.
• What is the role of the cell's partially permeable membrane in osmosis?

  The partially permeable membrane allows water molecules to pass while restricting solute particles.
• What is the effect of a higher water concentration outside the cell?

  A higher water concentration outside the cell causes water to diffuse into the cell.