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GCSE biology
Cell bio
Transport in cells 1.3
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Cards (19)
What is diffusion?
The
net movement
of particles from an area of
higher concentration
to an area of
lower concentration.
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What are the three main factors that affect the rate of diffusion?
Concentration gradient
:
larger
gradient,
faster
diffusion.
Temperature
:
higher
temperature,
faster
diffusion.
Surface area
:
larger
surface area,
faster
diffusion.
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What substance diffuses into the blood from the lungs?
Oxygen
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What substance diffuses from the blood into the lungs?
Carbon dioxide
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What substance diffuses from cells into blood plasma in the kidneys?
Urea
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How are single-celled organisms adapted for diffusion?
They have a
large surface area
to
volume ratio
,
maximizing
the rate of
diffusion
of
molecules.
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How is surface area to volume ratio calculated?
Surface Area =
Number
of
Sides
x (
Side Length
x Side
Width
)
Volume =
Length
x
Width
x
Depth
Ratio =
Surface Area
:
Volume
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What are the four factors that increase the effectiveness of a gas exchange surface?
Large
surface area
Thin membrane
(short diffusion path)
Efficient blood supply
(in animals)
Ventilation
(in animals)
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What is osmosis?
The movement of
water
from a
dilute
solution to a
concentrated
solution through a
partially permeable
membrane.
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What does it mean when a solution is isotonic to a cell?
The
concentrations
of the
external
and
internal
solutions are the
same.
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What does it mean when a solution is hypertonic to a cell?
The
concentration
of the
external
solution is
higher
than that of the
internal
solution.
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What does it mean when a solution is hypotonic to a cell?
The
concentration
of the
external
solution is
lower
than that of the
internal
solution.
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What may happen when an animal cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?
Water
moves
into
the cell, causing it to
burst.
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What may happen when an animal cell is placed in a very hypertonic solution?
Water
moves
out
of the
cell
, causing it to
shrivel
up.
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How do plant leaves and stems remain rigid?
Through
turgor pressure
, where
water
moves in by
osmosis
, causing the
vacuole
to
swell
and the
cytoplasm
to press against the
cell wall.
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What may happen when a plant cell is placed in a very hypertonic solution?
Water
moves out of the cell by
osmosis
, causing the
vacuole
and
cytoplasm
to
decrease
in size, and the cell may become
plasmolysed.
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What is active transport?
The
movement
of
molecules
from a more
dilute
solution to a more
concentrated
solution
against
a
concentration gradient
, using
energy
from
respiration.
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How do plant root hair cells use active transport?
Root hair cells use
active transport
to take up
mineral ions
from a more
dilute
solution in
soils
, such as
magnesium
and
nitrates.
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How is active transport used to absorb the products of digestion?
Active transport is used to transport
glucose
from a
lower concentration
in the
gut
to a
higher concentration
in the
blood.
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