reproduction

• fertilization


  fusion of a male and female gamete to produce a zygote that undergoes cell division and develops into an embryo
• zygote


  fertilized cell
• gamete


  male and female "parts"
• mitosis


  growth and repair
• meiosis


  produces cells (gametes) that are not genetically identical
• haploid

  half the amount of DNA of a normal cell - 23
• diploid (double)


  full amount of DNA - 46
• pollination 


  the transfer of the male gamete (pollen) on the anther to the stigma
• cross pollination


  pollen grains transferred to a different flower
• self pollination


  pollen grains transferred from the anthers to stigma of the same flower
• cotyledons


  first part of the plant to emerge from the seed (stores food - made of starch)
• plumule


  first emerging shoot
• radicle


  first emerging root
• testa


  outercoat of the seed to protect the seed and content
• micropyle


  opening in the testa to allow water to move into the seed
• receptacle


  top part of stalks where flowers attatch
• anther


  part of stamen - contains pollen
• ovary


  eggs stored - joins with pollen
• carpel


  female part - consists of stigma, style and ovary (makes seeds)
• style


  supports stigma
• stem 


  green stalk - provide support
• stigma


  catches pollen
• stamen


  male part - contains anther and filament (makes pollen)
• filament


  supports and holds anther - part of stamen
• petal


  attract pollinating insects
• sepal


  protects the buds
• germination


  process by which plants grow from a seedling to a new flower/plant
• cervix


  circular ring of muscle
• uterus


  where the embryos grow
• endometrium


  tissue lining of the uterus
• ovary


  produces ova and sex hormones
• testis


  makes sperm
• scrotum


  holds the testes outside the body
• sperm duct


  muscular tube that stores sperm then forces along ejaculation
• prostate glands


  produces liquid that's added to sperm
• secondary sexual characteristics


  physical characteristics to prepare for sexual reproduction
• FSH


  matures egg to a ovary - stimulates ovaries to release orestrogen
• oestrogen


  controls FSH to mature 1 egg a month - stimulates pituitary glands to release LH
• LH


  causes matured egg to be released from the ovary - ovulation
• progesterone


  maintains the endometrium during pregnancy