Plant Tissues

• What are the main differences between monocots and dicots?

  • Cotyledon: Monocots have 1, Dicots have 2
  • Leaf venation: Monocots have parallel veins, Dicots have netted veins
  • Dermal tissues: Monocots have indistinct endodermis, Dicots have distinct endodermis
  • Vascular tissues: Monocots are scattered, Dicots are arranged in a ring
  • Secondary growth: Monocots have absent, Dicots have present
• Give an example of a monocot.


  Corn or Rice.
• Give an example of a dicot.


  Lanzones or Rambutan.
• What are plant tissues?

  Groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
• How are plant tissues morphologically aligned?

  They are organized in a specific structure to perform their functions.
• What are the two main types of plant tissues?

  • Meristematic tissues
  • Permanent tissues
• What is the function of meristematic tissues?

  Responsible for growth and found in growth regions.
• What are the classifications of meristematic tissues based on origin?

  • Promeristem
  • Primary meristem
  • Secondary meristem
• What are the classifications of meristematic tissues based on position?

  • Apical meristems
  • Lateral meristems
  • Intercalary meristems
• What are the classifications of meristematic tissues based on function?

  • Protoderm
  • Procambium
  • Ground meristem
• What does the term "meristematic" derive from?


  It is derived from the Greek word “meristos,” meaning divided.
• What are the characteristics of meristematic tissues?

  Small, actively dividing cells with thin walls, large nuclei, and dense cytoplasm.
• What is the role of promeristem?

  It is the early embryonic meristem from which other advanced meristems are derived.
• What does the primary meristem give rise to?

  It gives rise to the primary tissue systems: protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium.
• What is the function of secondary meristem?

  It is responsible for secondary growth and derived from primary meristem permanent tissues.
• Is there secondary growth in monocots?


  No, there is no secondary growth in monocots.
• Where are apical meristems found?

  At the tips of roots and shoots.
• What is the role of lateral meristems?

  They are responsible for the thickness of stems and roots.
• What is the vascular cambium?

  It occurs between the phloem and xylem and is involved in secondary growth.
• What does cork cambium develop into?

  It develops within the outer tissue to form a protective layer of cork or bark.
• Where are intercalary meristems located?

  At the base of leaves or internodes.
• What is the function of protoderm?

  It provides protection from mechanical injury and gives rise to the epidermis layer.
• What does procambium give rise to?

  It gives rise to vascular tissue, including xylem and phloem.
• What does ground meristem give rise to in dicots?

  It gives rise to cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and pith.
• What does ground meristem give rise to in monocots?

  It gives rise to hypodermis and ground tissue.
• What are the two types of permanent tissues?

  • Simple permanent tissues
  • Complex permanent tissues
• What are simple permanent tissues also known as?

  They are also known as ground tissues.
• What are the characteristics of parenchyma cells?

  They have thin walls and a large central vacuole.
• What are the functions of parenchyma cells?

  Storage, photosynthesis, and secretion.
• What are the two types of parenchyma cells?

  Chlorenchyma and aerenchyma.
• Where are chlorenchyma cells found?

  In leaves and sometimes in young shoots.
• What is aerenchyma?

  It is soft plant tissue containing air spaces, found in aquatic plants.
• What are the characteristics of collenchyma cells?

  They are living cells with irregularly thickened cell walls.
• What is the function of collenchyma cells?

  They provide structural support, particularly in young plants.
• Are collenchyma cells present in monocots?

  No, they are absent in monocots.
• What does sclerenchyma mean in Greek?

  It means "hard".
• What are the characteristics of sclerenchyma cells?

  They are thick-walled and dead at maturity.
• What are the two types of sclerenchyma cells?

  • Fibers (short cells, common in nuts)
  • Sclereids (long and tapered cells, occur in groups or clumps and abundant in wood)
• What are complex permanent tissues made of?

  • Mixture of two or more simple tissues
  • Organized into three functional units known as tissue systems
• What are dermal plant tissues?

  • Epidermis: Outermost layer, usually one cell thick, covers various plant parts.
  • Periderm: Replaces epidermis in older plant parts during secondary growth.